Human devel: Dr. Boccone

Puberty Phsycial Changes

• change in physical marking adolescents

  • body change: increase height and weight

  • sexual maturity: body hair, grow sexually

• girls before boys

  • Girls 9-15

  • Boys 11-16

Puberty Brain Growth

1. Myelination: fatty insulation covering neurons to send messages faster and weed out old info not used

2. Not all brain areas mature: pleasure principle; decrease self control.

• formal opp for piaget: abil to prob solve

• brain fully developed

Sexual Maturity

• change in physique: boobs, broad shoulders, facil hair

• menarche: 1st period; 13 yrs

• Spermarche: 1st ejaculation

• earlier, more body dissatisfaction

Eating disorders

1. negative mood

2. fam dynamics

3. media images and messages

4. peer group pressure

   1. body image

   2. reinforced weight loss

Anorexia and Bulemia

• Anorexia: fear of gaining weight

• bulimia: fluctuate between purging and overeating

• mostly girls and hereditary

Kohlberg Moral Development

• Preconventional : external forces; adult knows best ; child

  • 1. avoid punishment

  • 2. personal gain

• Conventional: social norms; adol

  • 3. good boy/nice girl

  • 4. law and order

• Postconventional: moral code developed ; adult

  • 5. social contract - laws are good

  • 6.universal ethical principles- morals apply to all

Erikson, Marcia and Arnett

1. Adolescent identity development (id versus confusion)

2. Marcia:

• ID confu/diffu: no active explore

• ID Foreclosure: no explore, ID chosen for them

• ID moratorium: explore b4 commit

• ID ach: consturcted ID

3. Arnett: emerging adulthood

Socioemo Development in adol

• time of severe stress/storming

  • most report love parents, feel loved, and embrace values

• impact of serious stress can impact developmental issues

  • more common if no emo reg

ID and role confusion Erikson

• select single self from multiple molds; experiment with “selves”

• achieve self-ID make way for intimate rela

Phases of ID

1. diffusion: denial and no explore

2. Foreclosure: status determined by adult over individual; no explore

3. moratorium: examine options but cant find 1

4. Ach: explored options and chose one

Adol Thinking (3)

1. egocentrism: self- absorbed; no one same exper

   1. imaginary aud: ppl always watching me

   2. personal fable: no one has the same exper as me

   3. illusion of invulnerability:absorbed; bad things dont happen to me

Ethnic ID (3)

• Feels of belonging and learning special customs/traditions of a group

  • 1. disinterest

  • 2. explore - personal intrest

  • 3. Achieve self-concept: give and take

self-esteem

• increase elm and decrease middle

  • stable in Adol

• 3 processes:

  • 1. self-percept: POV of sucess and failures

  • 2. soc comapre: compare self and others

  • 3. Appraisals: FB by others about personal qualities

Romantic Relationships

• teens with high qual friends high qual rela

• puppy love: developemntally signif

  • increase self-est; confidence

  • report more emo conflict

  • early dating related to dissatisfy adult real

sexual behaviors

• level of activity predicted by:

  • peer attitudes

  • extraversion and impulse control

  • setting factors like alcohol

  • programming for safer sex, healthy relationships, etc

• minorities

  • attraction at 10 yr

  • sex behavior evident in adults but delayed in queer community

Dating violence

• phys, emo, stalking, harassment

  • 25% girls and 15% boys

• risk factors

  • violence at home

  • condoning peers

  • aantisocial/agg tend

  • drugs

Career

• ID factor; pos and neg effects

  • overworking (15+ hours) decreases grades

  • unrelaistic about $$$

  • work 5-10 hrs build skills and Self-est

• 3 stages

  • crystallized: emerge ID for ideas on career

  • specification: learn more about specific types of work and train

  • implement: enter work force

Smoking and drinking

• Substance abuse: peer and parents influ, mostly drink

  • cope with stress

  • stop before habit —> 25% of teens cigs and 50% vape

Depression and suicide

• Dep

  • 17 years ofr girls and boys have symptoms (15% / 20%)

  • Thera most effective

• Suicide: 3rd most freq of death

  • girls more likely

  • Native amer more likely

  • Dep biggest indicator

Delinqunecy

• 2 forms antisoc behavior

  • adol limited antisoc

    • minor criminal acts

    • end around late adol

    • shoplift , drugs

  • life-course persistent antisoc

    • emerge early and continue in life OT

    • most adolescent criminal acts

    • hitting at 3 yrs, shoplift at 12, steal cars at 17

• factors

  • fam dynamics

  • poverty

  • cog process: not able to regulate well

  • bio: anger and temperment; hormones

emerging Adulthood Emerging Adulthood

• between late teens and mid/late 20s

• estab 30-45 years; life more intense

Role Transitions Marking Adulthood

• Marked by new developmental stages and responsibilities

  • voting, education, marriage, full-time employment

• Rites of passage: bar/bat mitvah, confirmation etc

Milestones of young adult

• majority right into college 70%

  • increase in non-traditional students

  • financial independence key indicator

  • based on culture and own POV

• Erikson intimacy versus isolation: detached to current challenges of young adults

Physical and Health Development in Adulthood

• peaks at 20s and declines in 30s

• SES, edu, ethnicity, health

• strength, coord, sensory, hearing

• reproductive changes

• Bones and joints problems

Established Adulthood

• take longer due to psychosocial

  • as culture changes so do people

• “mold” of an adult match who I am

Personality

• OCEAN

  • Openness to new experiences

  • Conscientiousness: hardworking

  • Extroversion: social interactions

  • Agreeableness: working with others

  • Neuroticism: anxiety, hostility

• traits remain stable OT

• Personality growth: wisdom, integrity, self-transcendence

Erikson and Midlife

• Generity versus Stagnation

  • Gen: mentor to next generation

  • Stag: unable to meet needs of newer generation

Mid Life crisis

• not universal

• transitions can occur at any time

• Mid Life correction: re eval goals and make corrections in time.

Fam Dynamics

• kinkeeper: keeping everyone together; gathers fam

• sandwich: caught between care for own kids and parents

• Empty nester

Mid age and parents

• typically daughter (in-law) that care for family

  • sense of obligation

• caregiver stress results in difficult coping

  • stress and rewards

• filial obligations:

  • obligation to care for parents

Grandparents

• typically 40-50s; peak experience and pass on trads

  • Give meaning to life and social norms to younger generation

  • grandfamilies: families that are raised by grandparents