MOSD Lecture Notes and Key Points

Practice vocabulary flashcards covering orthopedic conditions, treatments, and nursing assessments based on the lecture notes.

Open reduction internal fixation (ORIF)

Surgery using internal hardware to treat complex fractures.

Traction

A treatment used to reduce muscle spasms and maintain alignment; examples include Buck's Traction (skin traction) and skeletal traction.

Bivalved Cast

A cast that is cut into two pieces to prevent compartment syndrome if it becomes too tight.

External fixation

The use of pins and screws to hold bone in place while it heals, often used for severe bone damage.

Nonunion

A complication where a bone fracture fails to heal correctly.

Compartment Syndrome

A medical emergency where pressure increases within tissue compartments; monitored by checking CMST'S every 2 hours.

Six P's

The clinical signs of compartment syndrome: pain (severe and unrelenting), parasthesia, paralysis, pallor, pulselessness, and poikilothermia.

Fasciotomy

A surgical procedure used to relieve pressure in the treatment of compartment syndrome.

Osteoblast

A type of cell responsible for building up bone tissue.

Osteoclast

A type of cell that breaks apart or "cuts up" bone tissue.

C1-C3 Damage

Spinal injury level associated with respiratory problems.

CSMTS

An acronym for Circulation, Sensation, Motor function assessment.

Gout

A build-up of uric acid in connective tissues; uric acid is a waste product of urine.

Strain

Damage occurring to a muscle or tendon.

Sprain

Damage occurring to a ligament.

Bursitis

Inflammation of the fluid-filled sacs in the shoulders or knees, often caused by repetitive movement.

Carpal tunnel

Median nerve compression resulting from repetitive movement.

Open (compound) fracture

A break where the bone exits through the skin, creating an infection risk.

Hip fracture

An injury characterized by the affected leg being shortened and externally rotated.

Dislocation

An injury where the joint is rotated towards the middle of the body; requires checking pulses below the injury and immediate splinting.

Fat embolum Syndrome

A condition where fat globules are released from yellow bone marrow, potentially causing clots that travel to the lungs.

Osteomyelitis

A bone infection confirmed by X-ray imaging; often managed at home with PICC lines and dressing changes.

Osteoporosis

A condition of low bone density and fragile bones characterized by kyphosis, height loss, and low values of $\text{Cat}$ and vitamin D.

DEXA

An imaging scan used for the diagnosis of osteoporosis.

Osteoarthritis

A degenerative joint disease common in individuals who are obese or walk extensively without proper footwear.

Rheumatoid Arthritis

A chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease that destroys synovial joints and major organs.

Arthrocentesis

A medical procedure using a needle to withdraw synovial fluid for diagnostic purposes, to relieve swelling, or to inject medication.

BKA and AKA

Acronyms for Below Knee Amputation and Above Knee Amputation.

BEA and AEA

Acronyms for Below Elbow Amputation and Above Elbow Amputation.