Eyes & Ears

Cornea

Clear outer layer that protects the eye and helps focus light

Iris

Colored part of the eye that controls pupil size

Pupil

Opening that allows light to enter the eye

Lens

Focuses light onto the retina

Retina

Light-sensitive layer that converts light into signals

Optic Nerve

Carries visual signals to the brain

Tympanic Membrane (Eardrum)

Vibrates when sound waves hit it

Ossicles (malleus, incus, stapes)

Three small bones (malleus, incus, stapes) that amplify sound

Cochlea

Converts sound vibrations into nerve signals

Semicircular Canals

 Help maintain balance

Auditory Nerve

Carries sound signals from the ear to the brain

Accommodation

Eye adjusts lens to focus on near/far objects

Refraction

Bending of light as it passes through the eye

Photoreception

Retina converts light into nerve signals

Visual Cortex Processing

Brain interprets visual information

Depth Perception

Ability to see in 3D using both eyes

Color Vision

Ability to distinguish colors using cone cells in the retina

Audition

Process of hearing

Equilibrium

Sense of balance controlled by the inner ear

Sound Transmission

Movement of sound waves through ear structures

Myopia

Nearsightedness

Hyperopia

Farsightedness

Cataracts

Clouding of the lens

Glaucoma

Increased eye pressure damaging the optic nerve

Tinnitus

Ringing or buzzing in the ears

Otitis Media

Middle ear infection

Sensorineural Hearing Loss

Damage to inner ear or nerve

Vertigo

Sensation of spinning or dizziness