Human Anatomy & Physiology Practice Exam 3

Identify the type of tissue shown

Cardiac

What are the individual contractile units of a muscle cell called?

Sarcomeres

Identify the indicated region of the sarcomere

A-band

Identify the indicated region of the sarcomere

H-zone

Identify the indicated structure

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

Identify the indicated structure

Muscle fiber

A flat, sheet-like bundle of connective tissue that connects a muscle to another muscle or to a bone is called:

aponeurosis

Acetylcholine in the axon terminal of a motor neuron is contained within membrane bound structures called:

synaptic vesicles

A single motor neuron, along with all of the muscle fibers that it innervates, is called:

Motor unit

Define “insertion” as it applies to skeletal muscles

Movable site of attachment

Which of the seven criteria used for naming a muscle applies to the rectus femoris muscle?

Direction of fibers and location

Which of the seven criteria used for naming a muscle applies to the deltoid muscle?

Shape

The three phases of a muscle twitch are the contraction period, the latent period, and the:

relaxation period

If we place a muscle under a load that it can lift and stimulate it, what type of contraction will we produce?

Isotonic

From what cellular organelle is calcium released during the latent period of a muscle twitch?

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

A neuron and all of the muscle cells that it stimulates are together called a _________________?

motor unit

Name one action of the vastus medialis muscle

Extension of the lower leg at the knee

Name one action of the triceps brachii muscle

Extension of the forearm at the elbow

Name one action of the rectus abdominis muscle

Flexion and rotation of the vertebral column

Name one action of the deltoid muscle

Abduction of the arm at the shoulder

Name one insertion of the tibialis anterior muscle

Medial cuneiform bone

Name one insertion of the pectoralis major muscle

Intertubercular sulcus of the humerus

Name one insertion of the deltoid muscle

Deltoid tuberosity of the humerus

Name one insertion of the trapezius muscle

Acromion and spinous process of the scapula

Name one origin of the triceps brachii muscle

Posterior humerus

Name one origin of the trapezius muscle

Occipital bone

Name one origin of the biceps brachii muscle

Coracoid process

Name one origin of the zygomaticus minor muscle

Zygomatic bone

Identify the indicated structure

Linea alba

Identify the indicated muscle

Rectus abdominis

Identify the indicated muscle

Occipitalis

Identify the indicated muscle

Frontalis

Identify the indicated muscle

Platysma

Identify the indicated muscle

Orbicularis oculi

Identify the indicated muscle

Sternothyroid

Identify the indicated muscle

Stylohyoid

Identify the indicated muscle

Internal intercostals

Identify the indicated muscle

Pectoralis minor

Identify the indicated muscle

Serratus anterior

Identfiy the indicated muscle

Latissimus dorsi

Identify the indicated muscle

Supraspinatus

Identify the indicated muscle

Brachialis

Identify the indicated muscle

Flexor carpi radialis

Identify the indicated muscle

Flexor carpi ulnaris

Identify the indicated muscle

Extensor digitorum

Identify the indicated muscle

Sartorius

Identify the indicated muscle

Iliacus

Identify the indicated muscle

Semitendinosus

Identify the indicated muscle

Gluteus medius

What neurotransmitter do motor neurons use to stimulate muscle cells?

Acetylcholine

Identify the indicated region of the sarcomere

M-line

Identify the indicated region of the sarcomere

Z-disc

Identify the indicated structure

Terminal cistern of sarcoplasmic reticulum

Identify the indicated layer of connective tissue

Perimysium

A strong, cord-like bundle of connective tissue that connects a muscle to another muscle or to a bone is called:

tendon

Skeletal muscles cells are called:

muscle fibers

What do we call muscles that aid the action of other muscles by reducing undesirable or unnecessary movement?

Synergists

Which of the seven criteria used for naming a muscle applies to the brachioradialis muscle?

Location of origin and insertion

Which of the seven criteria used for naming a muscle applies to the sternocleidomastoid muscle?

Location of origin and insertion

What experimental factor do we increase to produce tatany rather than simple wave summation?

Frequency of stimulation

The three phases of a muscle twitch are the latent period, the relaxation period, and the:

contraction period

If we increase the frequency of stimulation of a muscle until we achieve a steady, sustained contraction, we will have caused what phenomenon?

Tetany

Name one action of the semitendinosus muscle

Extension of the thigh at the hip

Name one action of the tibialis anterior muscle

Dorsiflexion of the foot at the tarsal joints

Name one action of the sternocleidomastoid muscle

Rotation of the head

Name one action of the trapezius muscle

Elevation of the scapula

Name one insertion of the triceps brachii muscle

Olecranon of ulna

Name one insertion of the orbicularis oculi muscle

Eyelid

Name one insertion of the rectus abdominis muscle

Xiphoid process of the sternum

Name one insertion of the extensor digitorum muscle

Distal phalanges of fingers 2-5

Name one origin of the semitendinosus muscle

Ischial tuberosity

Name one origin of the buccinator muscle

Maxillary bone

Name one origin of the tibialis anterior muscle

Lateral condyle of the tibia

Name one origin of the rectus femoris muscle

Anterior inferior iliac spine

Identify the indicated muscle

External oblique abdominal

Identify the indicated muscle

Internal oblique abdominal

Identify the indicated muscle

Masseter

Identify the indicated muscle

Corrugator supercilli

Identify the indicated muscle

Digastric

Identify the indicated muscle

Mylohyoid

Identify the indicated muscle

Pectoralis major

Identify the indicated muscle

Coracobrachialis

Identify the indicated muscle

Rhomboid minor

Identify the indicated muscle

Levator scapulae

Identify the indicated muscle

Pronator teres

Identify the indicated muscle

Extensor carpi radialis longus

Identify the indicated muscle

Extensor carpi ulnaris

Identify the indicated muscle

Psoas major

Identify the indicated muscle

Peroneus

Identify the type of muscle tissue shown?

Skeletal

Identify the indicated region of the sarcomere

I-band

The space between a neuron axon terminal and the target cell is called:

Synaptic cleft

What do we call muscles that immobilize the origin of another muscle so that all of the tension is exerted at the insertion?

Fixators

Which of the seven criteria used for naming a muscle applies to the extensor digitorum muscle?

Action and location

Which of the seven criteria used for naming a muscle applies to the transversus abdominis muscle?

Direction of fibers and location

What phenomenon is considered an extreme form of wave summation in which a steady, sustained contraction is achieved?

Tetany

Although no force is generated by a muscle fiber during the latent period, chemical changes, such as the release of ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum do occur. Which ion is released

Calcium

Name one action of the semimembanosus muscle

Extension of the thigh at the hip

Name one action of the platysma muscle

Tenses the skin of the neck

Name one action of the brachialis muscle

Flexion of the forearm at the elbow