LSE B: Kohlberg's Theory

Lawrence Kohlberg

Psychologist who developed a three-stage theory on moral development building on Piaget's work.

Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development

Describes the progression through three levels of moral thinking based on cognitive development.

Moral Reasoning

Involves how individuals reason about moral decisions, as per Kohlberg's theory.

Preconventional Moral Reasoning

Initial stage where moral decisions are based on avoiding punishment or gaining rewards.

Conventional Moral Reasoning

Focuses on fitting in and following rules to be a good citizen.

Postconventional Moral Reasoning

Highest stage where decisions are based on universal ethical principles.

Stage 1 - Punishment & Obedience

First stage of preconventional reasoning, focusing on direct consequences like avoiding punishment.

Stage 2 - Mutual Benefit

Second stage of preconventional reasoning, where actions are judged based on fairness and mutual benefit.

Stage 3 - Interpersonal Expectations

First stage of conventional reasoning, where actions are guided by living up to others' expectations.

Stage 4 - Law-and-Order

Second stage of conventional reasoning, emphasizing following laws to maintain social order.

Stage 5 - Legal Principles

First stage of postconventional reasoning, where protecting basic rights and fairness are prioritized over laws.

Stage 6 - Universal Moral Principles

Second stage of postconventional reasoning, focusing on self-chosen ethical principles and human dignity.