Atomic Theory and Structure of the Atom

This set of flashcards covers key concepts related to atomic theory, the structure of atoms, and significant historical figures in chemistry.

Atom

The smallest particle of an element that retains the properties of that element.

Dalton's Atomic Theory

A scientific theory that describes matter as composed of atoms, which are indivisible and have distinct properties.

Proton

A positively charged subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an atom; it determines the type of element.

Neutron

A subatomic particle with no charge found in the nucleus, contributing to the mass of an atom.

Electron

A negatively charged subatomic particle that exists in energy levels around the nucleus.

Charge Number

The difference between the number of protons and electrons in an atom, indicating its electric charge.

Mass Number

The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus.

Rutherford's Gold Foil Experiment

An experiment conducted by Ernest Rutherford that led to the discovery of the nucleus of the atom.

Bohr Model

A model of the atom proposed by Niels Bohr, where electrons exist in specific energy levels or shells around the nucleus.

Isotope

Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons.