Social Control, Democracy, Patriarchy, and Drug Policies in Society

What is social control?

The way norms, rules, laws, and structures of society regulate human behavior.

What are the two basic processes of social control?

Internalization of norms and external pressure.

What does 'Juche' mean in the context of North Korea?

Being the master of revolution and reconstruction in one's own country, emphasizing self-reliance.

How does North Korea celebrate birthdays?

They celebrate the birthdays of Kim Il-sung, Kim Jong-il, and Kim Jong-un instead of their own.

What is the significance of the year 2012 in North Korea?

It is known as Juche 100, marking 100 years since Kim Il-sung's birth.

What are some characteristics of an authoritarian regime as described in the New York Times editorial?

Stifling dissent, prosecuting political opponents, bypassing the legislature, and controlling information.

What does the First Amendment protect?

Freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, and petitioning the government.

What was the ruling in Tinker v. Des Moines Independent School District?

Students do not lose their First Amendment rights on school property; suppression of speech must show actual interference.

What did the Supreme Court decide in Texas v. Johnson?

Flag burning is a form of symbolic speech protected by the First Amendment.

What is the 'clear and present danger' test established in Schenck v. United States?

The First Amendment does not protect speech that creates a clear and present danger.

What does Brandenburg v. Ohio state about speech?

Speech can be prohibited if it is directed at inciting imminent lawless action.

What is the guiding statement of Rutgers University regarding free expression?

All members of the Rutgers community are free to express their viewpoints as private citizens.

What are the designated public forum areas at Rutgers University?

Areas on various campuses such as the lawn adjacent to the Paul Robeson Cultural Center and the Student Center Patio.

What is required for holding public forums at Rutgers?

Submission of the Free Expression Notification Form at least three business days in advance.

Can foreign citizens studying in the U.S. have their visas revoked for lawful speech?

Yes, they can face deportation for engaging in lawful speech and protest.

What happened to Rumeysa Ozturk, a Turkish doctoral student?

She was arrested and faced deportation for writing an essay supporting Palestinian rights.

What action did Secretary of State Marco Rubio take against Mahmoud Khalil?

He revoked Khalil's permanent residency status after he expressed political views.

What is the irony of social control as discussed in the reading?

The mechanisms of social control can suppress individual freedoms while promoting conformity.

What does the term 'cult of personality' refer to in authoritarian regimes?

The promotion of an idealized and heroic image of a leader, often through propaganda.

How does an authoritarian regime manipulate the law?

By using legal mechanisms to maintain power and suppress dissent.

What does the term 'external pressure' refer to in social control?

The influence of societal expectations and consequences that encourage conformity.

What is the role of the military in an authoritarian regime?

To maintain domestic control and suppress opposition.

What is meant by 'defying the courts' in the context of authoritarianism?

Ignoring or undermining judicial decisions to maintain power.

What is the significance of the phrase 'uninhibited, robust, and wide-open' in relation to free speech?

It emphasizes the importance of open debate on public issues protected by the First Amendment.

What does the First Amendment say about the right to assemble?

It guarantees the right of the people to peaceably assemble.

What are the consequences of suppressing free speech in a democracy?

It can lead to the erosion of democratic principles and individual freedoms.

Who revoked the permanent residency status of Mahmoud Khalil?

Secretary of State Marco Rubio

What was Mahmoud Khalil's educational background?

He recently earned a graduate degree from Columbia University.

Under which section of the INA was Mahmoud Khalil's residency revoked?

INA section 237(a)(4)(C)(iii)

What must the Secretary of State determine regarding an alien's presence?

That it would compromise a compelling U.S. foreign policy interest.

What was Mohsen Mahdawi's status when he was arrested?

He was a legal permanent U.S. resident.

What act allows the President to deploy the military to address civil disorder?

The Insurrection Act of 1807.

What does the Posse Comitatus Act prohibit?

The use of federal military in domestic law enforcement without explicit authorization.

What conditions allow the President to federalize National Guard troops under Title 10?

If the U.S. is invaded, if there's a rebellion, or if the President cannot enforce federal laws.

What did the Supreme Court rule regarding Trump's use of Title 10?

The Trump administration had not met its burden to federalize the National Guard.

What is Executive Order 14188 focused on?

Combating anti-Semitism using all available legal tools.

What action did the Trump administration take on January 29, 2025, regarding antisemitism?

Ordered a crackdown on antisemitism on college campuses.

What threat did Trump make regarding funding to schools?

He threatened to cut funding to schools that allow 'illegal protests.'

What was the purpose of the investigation opened by the Education Department at Rutgers University?

To investigate alleged incidents of harassment based on national origin.

What legal action did the Rutgers faculty union take against the Trump administration?

Filed a federal lawsuit to block efforts to detain and deport international students.

What was the Big Ten 'Mutual Defense Compact' intended to do?

Block Trump's campus attacks.

How many campus leaders signed a statement opposing the Trump administration's actions?

514 campus leaders.

What does an authoritarian typically do regarding dissent and speech?

Stifles dissent and speech.

What is one way an authoritarian might manipulate power?

By using power for personal profit.

What does it mean for an authoritarian to create a cult of personality?

To foster an image of infallibility and loyalty among followers.

What is a common tactic of an authoritarian regarding the media?

Controls information and the news media.

What is one characteristic of an authoritarian's approach to political opponents?

Prosecutes political opponents.

What does it mean for an authoritarian to bypass the legislature?

To make decisions without legislative approval.

What is the significance of the date April 14, 2025, for Mohsen Mahdawi?

He was arrested during his naturalization interview.

What is one consequence of declaring national emergencies on false pretenses?

It undermines trust in government authority.

What does the term 'vilifies marginalized groups' imply in the context of authoritarianism?

It refers to the act of demonizing specific groups to consolidate power.

What legal tools are mentioned in Executive Order 14188 for combating anti-Semitism?

Prosecution, removal, or holding perpetrators accountable.

What action did Harvard University take in response to administration pressure on March 27, 2025?

Harvard suspended its relationship with Birzeit University.

What is the deadline for Harvard to implement governance reforms according to the administration's demands?

By August 2025.

What must Harvard submit to the federal government by August 2025?

A report confirming the reforms, certified for accuracy.

What type of audit will the federal government conduct on Harvard's hiring and admissions data?

A comprehensive audit, including breakdowns by race, GPA, and standardized test performance.

What must Harvard do regarding its diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) programs?

Shutter all DEI programs and stop all DEI-based policies.

What does the term 'gerrymandering' refer to?

The manipulation of electoral district boundaries to favor one party over another.

What was the Supreme Court's ruling in Rucho v. Common Cause?

The Constitution does not bar extreme partisan gerrymandering.

What did the Supreme Court decide in Allen v. Milligan?

Alabama diluted the power of Black voters by drawing a congressional voting map with only one majority Black district.

What is the basic idea of social control in the context of patriarchy?

Patriarchal systems control women's labor and sexuality.

What does the Functionalist Perspective suggest about the division of labor based on gender?

It was required in preindustrial societies but has eroded with modernization.

What tradition in American weddings reflects historical views of women as property?

Giving away the bride.

As of June 2025, how many states have banned underage marriage with no exceptions?

16 states + the District of Columbia.

Which states have no statutory minimum age for marriage as of June 2025?

California, Mississippi, New Mexico, Oklahoma.

What international convention has the U.S. not ratified regarding discrimination against women?

The 1979 Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women.

What was the outcome of the U.S. Congress's attempt to pass the International Protecting Girls by Preventing Child Marriage Act in 2010?

The act failed to pass.

What does Article 2 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child state?

States Parties shall respect and ensure the rights of each child without discrimination.

What is the primary consideration in all actions concerning children according to Article 3 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child?

The best interests of the child.

What are some characteristics of an authoritarian regime as described in the notes?

Stifles dissent, prosecutes political opponents, bypasses legislature, uses military for control.

What does it mean when an authoritarian 'creates a cult of personality'?

It refers to promoting an idealized and heroic image of a leader.

What is the significance of viewpoint diversity in university departments as per the demands on Harvard?

Each department must be individually viewpoint diverse.

What is the impact of gerrymandering on democracy?

It can distort electoral representation and undermine fair competition.

What is a common characteristic of authoritarian leaders regarding the law?

They manipulate the law to stay in power.

What does the term 'patriarchy' imply in the context of women's rights?

A system where men hold power and control over women.

What is the relationship between modernization and gender roles according to the Functionalist Perspective?

Modernization has eroded the biological basis for traditional gender roles.

What does the term 'child marriage' refer to?

The practice of marrying off children, often under the age of consent.

What is the role of the federal government in the reforms demanded from Harvard?

To audit and ensure compliance with the reforms.

What does the phrase 'the University must not surrender its independence' signify?

It emphasizes the university's right to academic freedom and autonomy.

What is the significance of the Fourth Amendment in relation to reproductive rights?

It protects against unreasonable searches and seizures, implying a right to privacy.

What does the Fifth Amendment guarantee regarding legal proceedings?

It ensures due process and protects against self-incrimination.

What does the Fourteenth Amendment state about citizenship?

It affirms that all persons born or naturalized in the U.S. are citizens and guarantees equal protection under the law.

What landmark case legalized contraception in the U.S.?

Griswold v. Connecticut (1965)

What was the ruling of Burwell v. Hobby Lobby (2014)?

Businesses with owners holding sincere religious objections do not have to comply with the contraceptive mandate of the Affordable Care Act.

What was the outcome of Roe v. Wade (1973)?

The Supreme Court held that the Texas abortion statute was unconstitutional.

What did the Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization ruling (2022) change?

It overturned Roe v. Wade and upheld a Mississippi law banning most abortions after 15 weeks.

What is the purpose of the Equal Rights Amendment?

To guarantee equal legal rights for all American citizens regardless of sex.

What was the original year the Equal Rights Amendment was introduced?

1923

What year did the U.S. House of Representatives approve the Equal Rights Amendment?

1971

What was the Senate's vote on the Equal Rights Amendment in 1972?

84-8 in favor of approval without changes.

What arbitrary time limit was set for the ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment?

7 years, initially set in 1972.

What was the outcome of the 1982 deadline for the Equal Rights Amendment?

The amendment fell three states short of ratification.

What demographic showed the highest support for the Equal Rights Amendment according to a 2020 poll?

Women, with 71% support.

What does the Ninth Amendment state regarding rights?

It indicates that the enumeration of certain rights in the Constitution does not deny or disparage other rights retained by the people.

What is the 'veil of ignorance' thought experiment proposed by John Rawls?

It suggests designing society's principles without knowing one's own social status to ensure fairness.

What is the primary focus of legislative reforms regarding marriage age?

To set a minimum age floor of 18 for marriage with no exceptions.

What states had the highest number of minors who married between 2000-2010?

Texas, Florida, and Kentucky.

What is a common characteristic of states with no reforms to existing child marriage laws?

They allow marriage below the age of 16.

What is the significance of the term 'living in poverty' in the context of reproductive rights?

It highlights socioeconomic factors that affect access to reproductive health services.

What role does religious conservatism play in discussions about reproductive rights?

It often influences opposition to reproductive rights and legislation.