Lab 11: EENT (models)

Frontalis

O: Cranial aponeurosis

I: Skin of eyebrows

A: Raises eyebrows

Inn: Facial n. (CN VII)

Orbicularis oculi

Origin: Medial margin of orbit

Insertion: Skin around eyelids

Action: Closes eye

Inn: Facial nerve (CN VII)

Nasalis

Origin: superior maxilla

Insertion: nasal cartilage

Action: dilates/contracts nostrils

Inn: Facial nerve (CN VII)

Levator labii superiorus

Origin: Infraorbital margin of maxilla

Insertion: Upper lip

Action: Elevates upper lip

Inn: Facial nerve (CN VII)

Levator anguli oris

Origin: Canine fossa of maxilla

Insertion: Corners of upper and lower lips

Action: Draws corner of mouth up and medially

Inn: Facial nerve (CN VII)

Zygomaticus major

O: zygomatic bone

I: angle of mouth

A: raises angle of mouth

Inn: Facial nerve (CN VII)

Orbicularis oris

O: Maxilla and mandible

I: Lips

A: Compresses, purses lips

Inn: Facial nerve (CN VII)

Depressor anguli oris

O: mandible

I: angle of mouth

A: depresses angle of mouth

Inn: Facial nerve (CN VII)

Depressor labii inferioris

O: mandible

I: skin of lower lip

A: depresses lower lip

Inn: Facial nerve (CN VII)

Mentalis

O: body of the mandible

I: skin of the chin

A: elevates, protracts, and depresses lower lip

Inn: Facial nerve (CN VII)

Buccinator

O: aveolar processes of the maxillae and mandible

I: corner of the mouth

A: compress cheeks

Inn: Facial nerve (CN VII)

Risorius

O: fascia associated with masseter

I: angle of mouth

A: draws angle of mouth to side

Inn: Facial nerve (CN VII)

Cornea

The clear tissue of the fibrous tunic that covers the front of the eye

Sclera

white part of the fibrous tunic

Lens

the transparent structure behind the pupil that changes shape to help focus images on the retina

Retina

the light-sensitive inner surface of the eye, containing the receptor rods and cones plus layers of neurons that begin the processing of visual information

Vitreous humor

jellylike substance found behind the lens in the posterior cavity of the eye that maintains its shape

Ciliary body

ring of tissue behind the peripheral iris that is composed of ciliary muscle and ciliary processes

Choroid

middle, vascular layer of the eye, between the retina and the sclera

Pupil

the adjustable opening in the center of the eye through which light enters

Optic disc

Region at the back of the eye where the optic nerve meets the retina. It is the blind spot of the eye because it contains only nerve fibers, no rods or cones, and is thus insensitive to light.

Optic nerve (CN II)

the nerve that carries neural impulses from the eye to the brain

Superior rectus

Origin: common tendinous ring

Insertion: superior sclera of eye

Action:elevates front of eye

Inn: Oculomotor nerve (CN III)

Inferior rectus

Origin: Common tendinous ring

Insertion: inferior sclera of eye

Action: depresses front of eye

Inn: Oculomotor nerve (CN III)

Medial rectus

Origin: Common tendinous ring

Insertion: medial sclera of eye

Action: moves front of eye medially

Inn: Oculomotor nerve (CN III)

Lateral rectus

Origin: Common tendinous ring

Insertion: lateral sclera of eye

Action: moves front of eye laterally

Inn: Abducens nerve (CN VI)

Superior oblique

Origin: Common tendinous ring

Insertion: Superolateral sclera of eye

Action: depresses, abducts and medially rotates eye

Inn: Trochlear nerve (CN IV)

Inferior oblique

Origin: Common tendinous ring

Insertion: Inferolateral sclera of eye

Action: Elevates, abducts and laterally rotates eye

Inn: Oculomotor nerve (CN III)

Auricle

external portion of the ear

External acoustic meatus

Canal leading to eardrum and middle ear

Tympanic membrane

The eardrum. A structure that separates the outer ear from the middle ear and vibrates in response to sound waves.

Malleus

hammer; first of the three auditory ossicles of the middle ear

Incus

anvil; middle of the three auditory ossicles of the middle ear

Stapes

stirrup; last of the three auditory ossicles of the middle ear

Round window

located just below the oval window; equalize pressure in the inner ear

Oval window

membrane that covers the opening between the middle ear and inner ear

Cochlea

a coiled, bony, fluid-filled tube in the inner ear; sound waves traveling through the cochlear fluid trigger nerve impulses

Semicircular canals

three fluid-filled canals in the inner ear responsible for our sense of rotational balance

Vestibule

Fluid filled spaces responsible for our sense of balance

Vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII)

cranial nerve that collects sensory information about hearing and balance

Eustachian tube

A narrow tube between the middle ear and the throat that serves to equalize pressure on both sides of the eardrum

Masseter

Origin: zygomatic arch

Insertion: angle of mandible

Action: elevates & protracts mandible

Inn: Mandibular nerve (CN V3)

Temporalis

O: temporal fossa

I: coronoid process of mandible

A: Elevates & retracts mandible

Inn: Mandibular nerve (CN V3)

Genioglossus

O: Mandible, internal surface

I: Bottom of tongue, body of hyoid

A: Protrudes tongue

Inn: Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

Geniohyoid

O: mandible

I: body of hyoid

A: protracts hyoid

Inn: Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII), C1

Hyoglossus

Origin: Hyoid bone

Insertion: Tongue

Action: Depresses tongue

Inn: Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

Palatoglossus

O: Anterolateral palatal aponeurosis

I: Sides of posterior tongue

A: Elevates the tongue or depresses the soft palate

Inn: Pharyngeal plexus (vagus nerve (CN X))

Styloglossus

O: Styloid process of temporal bone

I: Bottom and lateral aspects of tongue

A: Retracts tongue

Inn: Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

Hyoid

a U-shaped bone in the neck that supports the tongue.

Thyroid cartliage

is the largest piece of cartilage in the larynx & is also known as the Adams Apple

Cricoid cartilage

the ring-shaped structure that forms the lower portion of the larynx

Thyroid prominence

-A protrusion referred to as the "Adam's apple," which is located just below the thyroid notch.

Epiglottis

a flap of cartilage at the root of the tongue, which is depressed during swallowing to cover the opening of the windpipe.

Arytenoid cartilage

Two small cartilages in the larynx, the movements of which abduct and adduct the vocal folds.

Corniculate cartilage

a pair of horn-like pieces of elastic cartilage located at the apex of each arytenoid cartilage

Cricothyroid ligament

soft piece of connective tissue between the thyroid cartilage and cricoid cartilage

Cricothyroid muscle

O: arch of the cricoid cartilage

I: inferior border of the thyroid cartilage

A: draws the thyroid cartilage forward, lengthening the vocal ligaments

Inn: superior laryngeal nerve, a branch of the vagus nerve (X)

Posterior cricoarytenoid muscle

O: Cricoid cartilage

I: Arytenoid cartilage

A: Abduct vocal folds

Inn: Recurrent laryngeal nerve (CN X)

Arytenoideus muscle

O & I: Contralateral sides of arytenoid cartilage

A: Adduct vocal folds

Inn: Recurrent laryngeal nerve (CN X)

Vocal fold

Mucosal folds that function in voice production (speech); also called the true vocal cords.

Vestibular fold

close larynx during swallowing; false vocal cords

Frontal sinus

cavity within the frontal bone

Sphenoid sinus

sinus above and behind the nose

Sella turcica

depression in the sphenoid bone where the pituitary gland is located

Nasal septum

partition separating the right and left nasal cavities; formed from septal cartilage, perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone and the vomer

perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone

forms superior part of nasal septum

Vomer

forms the inferior portion of the nasal septum

Superior nasal concha

Most superior bony ridge of ethmoid bone that extends from lateral wall of nasal cavity

Middle nasal concha

Lower bony ridge of ethmoid bone that extends from lateral wall of nasal cavity

Inferior nasal concha

Lowest bony ridge extending from lateral nasal cavity wall; its own complete bone

Superior nasal meatus

"valley" between upper two conchae

Middle nasal meatus

"valley" between lower two conchae

Inferior nasal meatus

"valley" under the inferior nasal concha

Nasopharynx

region of the pharynx at the back of the nose and above the soft palate

Oropharynx

central portion of the pharynx between the roof of the mouth and the upper edge of the epiglottis

Laryngopharynx

lower part of the pharynx, just below the oropharyngeal opening into the larynx and esophagus

Nasal vestibule

space contained within the flexible tissues of the nose

Torus tubarius

elevation of cartilage caused by the auditory tube

Soft palate

a muscular flap that closes off the nasopharynx during swallowing or speaking

Hard palate

bony anterior (front) portion of the palate

Uvula

free projection hanging down from the middle of the soft palate

Pharyngeal tonsil

also called adenoids; located in posterior wall of nasopharynx

Palatine tonsil

one of a pair of almond-shaped masses of lymphatic tissue in the oropharynx

Lingual tonsil

mass of lymphoid tissue located at the base of the tongue

Palatoglossal fold

1st arch, formed by palatoglossal muscle covered w/mucosa

Palatopharyngeal fold

formed by palatopharyngeus muscle covered with mucosa

Vallate papillae

largest taste buds with 8-12 forming "V" at back of tongue