Comp Poli Final

Gallner (9)

Argument: Nationalism is a political invention to create sense of unity and attachment

IV: Industrialization, States becoming more involved in economy

DV: Rise in nationalism, care for in-group members

Mechanism: States need to establish legitimacy and common language becomes necessary

Hiro and Rico (9.2)

Argument: Nationalism is strongest amongst low-income individuals in crisis

IV: Exposure to national crisis (Spain economic crisis)
DV: National attitudes of upper and lower class

Research Measurement:

• 1) Pride, feel proud of being Spanish?

• 2) Nationalism, scale of espanolism 

• 3) Identification, feel you identify with Spain

Simon (10.1)

Argument: Natives’ views, not policy, impact immigration sense of belonging

IV: How nations define national inclusion (ascriptive vs. attainable)

DV: Immigrant sense of belonging

Mechanism: Norms

Goodman (10.1)

Argument: Policies of immigration impact immigration sense of belonging

IV: Policies on becoming a citizen (i.e. how strict are the rules)
DV: Immigrant sense of belonging

Homola and Tavits (10.2)

Argument: Contact promotes inclusion, but depends on ideology

IV: Contact with immigrants

DV: How threatened/fearful people feel about immigrants

Mechanism: Ideology, NOT PARTY of people

Schnabel (11.1)

Argument: Americans w/ less privilege turn to religion, making them more conservative (drugs people into submission)

IV: How socially disadvantaged someone is

DV: How religious → how conservative

Research Method: Used survey data to see if religion was a crutch when people had limited resources

De La O and Rodden (11.1)

Argument: Across rich democracies, religion is a better predictor of left support 

Boussalis, Coan, and Holman (BCH) (11.2)

Argument: Religion and politics are deeply connected in practice

Findings:

• Over ⅓ of sermons discuss politics

• Over ⅔ of religious elites reference poltiics at least once 

• No differ between male and female pastors 

• Churches located in more liberal areas are more likely to be poltiical/talk politics 

Research Method: Look at actual sermons via sermon.com

Nolan, Richiardi, and Valenzuela (NRV) (12.1)

Argument: Inequality is rising in rich democracies due to globalization, technology, financialization, labour markets, and redistribution

Schmitt and Mitukiewicz (12.1)

Argument: National politics are the main reason for change in unionization rates

IV: Type of political system (i.e. social democratic)
DV: Unionization trends

Finding: Social democratic countries had the highest unionization rates due to high union coverage and collective barganing

Frymer and Grumach (12.2)

Bariola and Collins (13.1)

Argument: Cultures and policies are mutually reinforcing, particularly gender inequality during the COVID pandemic

Methods: Culture kicks in during crisis and responses reinforce expectation of government Findings:

• Denmark (social democracy) -> Men and women were supported equally

• Germany (Cont) -> Inequalities continue 

• US (Liberal) -> Inequalities deppend 

Abu-Chadi & Immergu (13.1)

Argument:  

• High-skilled, middle class-white collar jobs with degrees, more supportive of new forms of welfare

• Low-skilled, working class, increased concerned about immigration and globalization

IV: More intense electoral competition

DV: Left cut back on traditional welfare, right increase traditional welfare 

Findings: Policies reflect material interests, can also reflect culture and interests

Hope and Limberg (13.2)

Argument: Cutting taxes on the rich increases income inequality but does not improve economic performance

IV: Major tax cuts on the rich
DV: Income inequality, economic growth, and unemployment

Method:

• 1) Match countries on factors that predict these policies 

• 2) Account for timing of cuts

• 3) Assess impact on diff. DVs, looks for consistency 

Ballard-Rosa, Malik, and Rickard (14.1)

Argument: Economic import shocks are related to authoritarianism, specifically aggression. Economics is exogenous and culture is endogenous to populism

Method:

• Focus on authoritarian values: Preference for order and conformity achieved by violence if necessary 

• Three components: Aggression, submission, conventionalismEconomic import shocks are related to authoritarianism, specifically agreement