Computer science test

networking, social engineering.

Malware

an umbrella term for lots of bad things that can harm your phone, computer or the likes

Virus

a piece of code that can copy itself and corrupts the system and destroys data with a bad effect. A virus relies on a posta piece of code that can copy itself and corrupts the system and destroys data with a bad effect. A virus relies on a post. Spreads through malicious intent, clicking on a bad file, or when your computer has a security weakness.

Trojan

appears safe but is malicious, installs a backdoor into your system and can lead to worse things. Usually spreads by downloading sketchy files

Worm

similar to a virus but doesnt need a post to spread, so it can copy itself and email it to other people

Ransomware

encrypts data and demands payment to give it back. Usually gotten through emails or downloads.

Keylogger

Tracks what keys are typed, can find credit card numbers or other important information. Usually downloaded through a trojan

Social engineering

manipulating a person into giving information or doing something unsafe

Phishing

scam messages designed to trick people into clicking links, downloading files or giving away personal information

Blagging / pretexting

pretending to be someone trustworthy in order to get information

Impersonation

pretending to be another person or organisation

urgency

rushing people to make a decision

Authority

pretending to be someone important like a bank.

strong password

A password that is difficult to guess

Passphrase

A long password that is made of multiple words

Mfa

extra security using something only you have

Authentication

proving who you are

Antivirus

Software that deceived and removes malware

Update

something that fixes security

Backup

a copy of data that is stored elsewhere

Network

a connection of devices That can share resources

Advantages and disadvantages

Shared Peripherals: Using one high-quality printer for the whole office.

Cybersecurity Risks: Hackers trying to steal data through the connection.

Centralised Backups: The server automatically saves everyone's work at 9 PM.

Network Traffic: If everyone watches YouTube at once, the connection slows down.

Roaming Profiles: You can log into any computer in school and see your files.

High Initial Cost: Buying expensive cables, switches, and servers to start with.

Centralised Software: Installing a new app on 200 PCs at once from one desk.

Malware Spread: A virus on one computer can quickly infect the whole building.

Dependency: If the main server crashes, no one can do their work.

Communication: Sending instant messages or emails to anyone on the netw

Lan

network in home or school, you own it, it is faster than wan, smaller geographical area.

Wan

Covers a large area, larger geographical area, flowers, leased

Wired internet

uses Ethernet, faster than wireless network and has less latency.

Wireless network

easier to set up and cheaper than wired network, also allows movement

Bandwidth

The amount of data that can be transferred

Network topology

The way devices are arranged in a network

Node

a device or client that is connected in the hardware

Star topology

when all devices are connected in a central switch

bus topology

when all the devices are connected to one main wire

mesh topology

Connect all devices to each other so there are multiple routes from each device to another. Partial mesh + full mesh