* TEAS Science Study Questions

Kidneys filter blood from which system?

Urinary system

RNA is located where in the cell?

Nucleus

What is the gray matter in the brain called?

Cerebral cortex

What filters nitrogenous wastes?

Kidneys

What participates in gas exchange, primarily with oxygen and carbon dioxide?

Erythrocytes

What do Killer T cells do?

Attack and kill infected cells

What do B cells do?

Label invaders for later destruction by macrophages

What do Helper T cells do?

Activate killer T cells and B cells

What do macrophages do?

Consume pathogens and infected cells in a process called phagocytosis

Which activates the "alarm signal" that activates the helper T cells

Macrophages

Inductive reasoning is what?

Drawing a conclusion from specific observations

Anterosuperior

In front or above

Deductive reasoning is what?

Used to test a theory by collecting data that challenges the theory

independant variable

Does not depend on what happens in the experiment. Has values that can be changed or manipulated in an experiment. Graphed on the X-axis.

The lymphatic system is known as the ____ system.

Immune

B cells have receptor proteins on their surface called what?

Antibodies

Segment of DNA is called what?

gene

Rod-shaped structure that forms when a single DNA molecule and its associated proteins coil tightly before cell division.

A chromosome

What are the two components of chromosomes?

Chromatids and centromeres

What is a peptide bond?

bond between amino acids

What hormones are secreted from the pituitary gland?

Sex hormones

What are the four nitrogenous bases?

1. Adenine

2. Guanine

3. Cytosine

4. Thymine

Messenger RNA

mRNA

Transfer RNA

tRNA

Ribosome RNA

rRNA

The type of RNA that acts as a interpreter molecule

tRNA

What are the elements in group 18 of the periodic table called?

Noble gases

What are the elements in group 2 called?

Alkaline earth metals

Diffusion of water and movement of molecules from an area of high to low concentration is called what?

Osmosis

Dependant variable

Depends on the independent variable. Its value cannot change and it can only be observed during an experiment. Data is graphed on the Y-axis.

Positive correlation

As one variable increases the other also increases. Also known as a direct correlation

Negative correlation

As one variable increases the other decreases and vice versa. Also known as inverse correlation or an indirect correlation

No correlation

There is no connection or relationship between two variables

A good experimental design does what?

Defines all variables and considers how data will be analyzed

A single water molecule forms what?

Hydrogen bonds with nearby water molecules

One type of biomolecule is called what?

Nucleic acid

Cellular respiration takes place where?

In a cell and is used to convert energy from nutrients into ATP

Order them from least complex to most complex

Cells, tissues, organs, organ systems

Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells both have what?

DNA, Ribosomes, Cytoplasm and a plasma membrane

Membrane bound structure with a specific function is called what?

Organelle

What are the two organelles that work together to form protein synthesis?

Ribosome and endoplasmic reticulum

What stores the genetic information of the cell and is stored in the nucleus

DNA

DNA forms chromosomes by wrapping around proteins called what?

Histones

What is cytokinesis?

When the cell divides into two daughter cells

How many rounds of cell division occur during meiosis

Two

Process by which the mitochondria of a cell break down glucose to produce energy in the form of ATP

Cellular respiration

Where does glycolysis take place?

In the cells cytoplasm

Which system controls emotions and memory

Limbic system

What are the major structures of the limbic system?

1. Hypothalamus

2. Amygdala

3. Thalamus

4. Hippocampus

Which system works with the nervous system to regulate the activities critical to the maintenance of homeostasis?

Endocrine system

What are the main functions of the endocrine system?

1. Water balance

2. Uterine contractions and milk release

3. Growth, metabolism, and tissue maturation

4. Ion regulation

5. Heart rate and blood pressure regulation

6. Blood glucose control

7. Immune system regulation

8. Reproductive functions control

Where is epinephrine released from?

Adrenal medulla

What is the integumentary system composed of?

Hair, skin, and nails

What does sebaceous gland produce?

Sebum

Where are sebaceous and sweat glands found?

The dermis

Where are eccrine glands found?

All over the body

What part of the brain regulates balance and coordination?

Cerebellum

What system is comprised of nerves associated with the central nervous system?

The peripheral nervous system

What two fibers do the peripheral nervous system contain?

Afferent and efferent fibers

What are the ridges of the cerebral cortex called?

Gyri

What are the grooves in the cerebral cortex called?

Sulci

What are the very large grooves in the cerebral cortex called?

Fissures

The gray matter in the cerebral cortex is a type of tissue that contains three neurons that make up the nervous system. What are those neurons called?

1. Sensory neurons

2. Motor neurons

3. Interneurons

What type of joint is found in the shoulder and hip, allowing for a wide range of motion?

Ball-and-socket-joint

Which part of the heart pumps oxygenated blood?

Left ventricle

What is the function of alveoli in the lungs?

Gas exchange

Which gland regulates metabolism by releasing hormones like thyroxine?

Thyroid gland

What are the steps involved in the scientific method?

Observation, hypothesis, prediction, experimentation, analysis, conclusion

What is the process by which DNA is copied into RNA?

Transcription

What is a type of genetic mutation that involves the insertion or deletion of one or more nucleotides in a DNA sequence?

Frameshift mutation

Which type of RNA carries amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis?

Transfer RNA

What is used to determine a person's DNA sequence?

Genes

What is the process in which an ovarian follicle matures and releases a reproductive egg?

Ovulation

What process causes most of the carbon dioxide from the blood to move into the alveoli?

Diffusion down a concentration gradient

Which structure is present in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Cell membrane

Which of the following represents the complementary strand of a DNA sequence 3' TCGATCGCA 5'?

5' AGCTACGT 3'

Which substances is excreted by sweat glands in response to the breakdown of proteins and the formation of ammonia?

Urea

Why is it important for new scientific findings to be published?

Other scientists can validate or disprove the findings

Parasitic worm infestation is hypothesized to be damaging to the host. However, scientists have recently discovered that worm infestation can relieve the effects of certain autoimmune disorders. In which of the following ways should the hypothesis be modified, given the new findings?

Worm infestation reduces the severity of certain autoimmune disorders

Which of the following is correct regarding the PH scale?

A substance with a PH of 3 is 10 times more acidic than a substance with a PH of 4

Which vessel carries oxygenated blood?

Pulmonary vein

What is a function of a totipotent cell?

Develops into any kind of cell

To separate genomic dna fragments by size, which laboratory methods is most useful?

Electrophoresis

Experiments cannot validate hypotheses, only falsify them. Which statement above can be restated in which of the following ways?

A hypothesis that has not been falsified remains provisional

Emphysema caused by damage to alveoli from toxins and pollutants is likely to result in the body having difficulty preforming which of the following actions?

Exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide

Which of the following is an efferent neuron that is responsible for releasing a neurotransmitter that stimulates a muscle cell to contract?

Motor neuron

which of the following biological molecules includes enzymes?

Proteins

Use the table below to answer the question. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the data?

Air resistance could be greater for A than for B

Which of the following correctly orders structures from simple to complex?

Atoms, cells, tissues, organs

Which of the following tools can be used to measure the turbidity of a liquid by measuring the transmission of light through the sample?

Spectrophotometer

A study found two processes, Process A and Process B, to be correlated. Which of the following is true for these processes?

The study does not indicate a casual relationship between the processes

Which of the following summarizes a change that takes place as a solid turns to a liquid?

Particles become less ordered

Genetic information describing the characteristics of an organism is found in which of the following?

Nuclei

Which of the following organs filters excess solutes from the blood?

Kidney

Which of the following endocrine organs in the diagram below is involved in regulating milk production following childbirth?

Pituitary gland

Which of the following is a group that can be measured against the experimental group?

Control group

Which of the following best describes the result of using a catalyst in a chemical reaction?

The reaction is completed in a shorter amount of time

Which of the following is the structure which blood exits the glomerulus?

Efferent arteriole

Which of the following distinguishes endocrine and exocrine glands from one another?

The presence of absence of ducts

Which of the following organs removes nitrogenous waste from the body?

Kidneys