HID NOTES NI MA'AM

The Council of trent

Gave the Church the power to persecute non-Christians.

The Edict of Nantes

Allowed other religions to practice

Louis XIV

also known as the Sun King, was against the Edict of Nantes. He was a supreme leader of France

The Royal Academy, France

Founded by the royal minister Jean Batiste Colbert to manipulate images for political advantage

FRENCH STYLES

In 1610, Marie de Medici ruled as regent for her son Louis XIII.

In 1661-1715 Louis embarked on a series of building projects to glorify his personal power, notably the Versailles

portico

porch leading to the entrance of a building

FRENCH RENAISSANCE ARCHITECTURE

• horizontality was applied on buildings

• featured raised portico

• high mansard roofing with dormer windows and a chimney was the preferred roof type

• bull’s eye windows

Chateau de Chambord

Has four loft halls finished by elliptical barrel vaulting.

Has its own moat.

It also features a double-helix stone stair to allow guests to climb up and down without passing each other.

Palais de Fontainebleau

The favorite residence of Francis I.

The largest palace of the 16th C.

It's great size always looked outward to the vast gardens.

French Baroque

Became the official architectural style in France during the 17th-18th C.

Its capital was the Versailles.

Louis XIV, Le Roi Soliel which translates to Sun King, ruled with magnificence. Which is why the French became the standard of taste.

A dance to the music of time by nicolas poussin

Influenced Neoclassic art. He sought the ideals of form

Chateau Vaux-Le-Vicomte by Nicholas Fouquet

Nicholas Fouquet, a Minister of France built the chateau as a tribute to Louis XIV.

Palace of Versailles by Le Brun, Jules Mansart and Le Vau

Became the benchmark of Baroque Architecture because of its unprecedented scale and grandeur. It featured hundreds of rooms. The gardens were designed by Andre le Notre.

Palais de Louvre, Louvre Palace, Paris by Le Vau and Claude Perrault

he formal seat of power in France before Louis XIV moved the Versailles in 1682. It then remained as the formal seat of government to the end of the Ancien Regime.

French Rococo

A style of classical art characterized by fanciful carved spatial forms and elaborate designs of shellwork and foliage intended for a delicate effect.

A style dedicated to Madame de Pompadour.

Also called the Age of Enlightenment

rocaille and cocaille

Comes from the words ___ meaning rock work and shell work.

Antoine Watteau

The leading Rococo painter from the Flanders. In both of his paintings, he showed how the royalties act during courtship

Jean-Honore Fragonard

He called on classical imagery to provide a more serious underpinning for frivolous erotic themes.

William Hogarth

His painting shows an interior that has a tumbled down chair and a couple. The woman was said to be a student of a music teacher who immediately got out after learning that the husband came home. The husband on the other hand is suspected to be in an affair also because the dog by his side is pulling a handkerchief allegedly owned by his mistress

Thomas Gainsborough

A famous painter of portraits and landscapes. Works with light and rapid brush-strokes and delicate evanescent colors.

Jean Clodion

his work represent the quintessence of the Rococo style

Petit Trianon, 1762-1768 by Ange-Jacques Gabriel

A small chateau located within the Palace of Versailles. Designed under the order of Louis XV for his long-term mistress, Madame de Pompadour.

Nicolas Pineau's Interiors

His works are characterized by shallow recesses with rounded corners and ornamentation, employing shell motifs and leafy scrolls.

Rottenbuch Church, Germany

It was founded by an Augustinian monastery. The 18th Century medieval interior was redecorated in the ornate High Baroque style by painter Matthaus Gunther and stucco-ist Josef Schmuzer.

Schonbrunn Palace, Vienna

Also known as Schloss Schonbrunn, means 'beautiful spring' and was a royal hunting park when plans were made to build a sumptuous palace to rival Versailles. Queen Maria Theresa's architect, Nicholas Pacassi, is responsible for the eventual design of a long, symmetrical palace full of gilding and crimson displays drawing on Japanese, Italian, Persian, and Indian works of art.

Catherine Palace, St. Petersburg, Russia

The palace resembled a wedding topper.

French Neo-classic period

Characterized by the introduction and widespread use of Greek and Roman orders and decorative motifs. There was a frequent shallowness of relief in ornamental treatment of facades.

Early Neoclassic

Reign of Louis XVI and wife Marie-Antoinette

Late Neoclassic

Reign of Emperor Napoleon; French Revolution

Jacques Louis David

Art director of Napoleon and he recorded the horrors of the period.

In his work The Death of Socrates, Socrates was given an option to either shut-up and live or speak and go to exile. Socrates didn't want to silence the truth so up until his last breathe, he was seen preaching to his students. A student is seen handling a glass of wine with hemlock/poison. It was a symbolic representation of the political situation during the era.

In another work Marat was assassinated, Marat is a journalist and he was assassinated because he exposes the anomalies of the government.

Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres

He was fond of using rich colors and textures with submerged brushstrokes and highly smooth finished surfaces which are characteristics of Academic Painting.

Jean Baptiste Chardin

Broke away from the ideals of the Rococo period and he favored simple still lives and unsentimental domestic interiors.

Antonio Canova

Displayed the sweeping grandeur of the Neoclassic style. His sculpture shows the union of emotions, love and soul.

The Madeleine, Paris

was intended to be a Pantheon by the order of Napoleon. It imitated the Greek colonnaded temple with a Roman style podium.

Church of Les Invalides by Bruant and Mansart

It was then remodeled by Louis Le Van. It was patterned after a Greek cross plan with the famous dome derived from St. Peter's. It was a home and hospital for the aged and unwell soldiers. It utilized the Ashlar Masonry and raised portico.

St. Paul's Cathedral, 1675 by Christopher Wren

The largest cathedral in England. He designed 53 churches. The dome is an enlarged version of the Tempietto by Bramante.

Chatsworth House

One of the largest and grandest houses in England

university of salamanca

known for its plateresque façade.

The Escorial by Juan Bautista de Toledo and Juan de Herrera

Residence of the King of Spain.

Granada Cathedral by de Siloe

Building features a plateresque influence.

Spanish Baroque or Churrigueresque Style

Considered as the Golden Age of Spanish Art.

Reflected the naturalism of time and dramatic lighting.

Jose de Churriguera

Revolted against classicism.

He promoted an intricate and exaggerated style of surface decoration known as Churrigueresque.

churrigueresque

An architectural style with extremely rich ornamentation and extravagant undulating cornices, spirals, balustrades, stucco shells and garlands

Diego Velazquez

Royal painter to Philip IV.

Las Meninas by Diego Velazquez

translates to Maids of Honor. In the painting, Diego Velasquez could be seen in the painting and the actual subject that he is painting is the couple who are reflected on the mirror.

Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela

The altar is adorned with a golden mollusk shell

Romanticism

A style which focused on subjectivism. Emotions over reasons and senses over intellect.

August Wilhelm and Friedrich Scholgel

it was first used by ____, who are German poets and writers.

Self

one of the principal concerns of the romanticist

William Blake

painted with watercolor over prints to produce some highly imaginative and enigmatic works of art. In his work Ancient Days, he presented God holding a thunderbolt. The miter is a symbol of the Architect, God being the Divine Architect.

John Singleton Copley

Famous for his portraits of important middle class figures in colonial New England. His subjects tended to portray their subjects with artifacts that were indicative of their lives.

John Constable

known for his landscape paintings of dedham vale; the area surrounding his home, also known as constable country

Theodore Gericault

Had interest in the human psychology and sense of revolt against political and social pressures. Usually paints themes of Man vs. Nature.

In his painting, the Raft of Medusa it shows a portrayal of the liner that sank with only a handful of survivors out of a hundred surviving.

Eugene Delacroix

Created masterworks of western literature. Characterized by large sweeps of color, lively patterns and energetic figure groups. In his work Liberty Leading the People he portrayed a painting of the French Revolution depicting the three ideals: equality, brotherhood, liberty. Shows the peasant and noble fighting side by side. All fighting for what is right.

Francisco Goya

Spanish court painter. He depicted brutality and corruptions of the time.

Realism

Also known as Age of Rationalism and Imperialism, Age of Science and Doubt, Age of Progress.

It was an age where the knowledge we could derive from science and scientific object methods could solve all human problems.

Realism School of Painting

The Realists is a group of international artists, John Singleton Copley, Gustav Courbet, Hilarie Germaine Edgar Degas, Edouard Manet, in Paris which began to devise new methods of pictorial representation

They focused on the scientific concepts of vision and optical effects of light.

Barbizon School

A group of French landscape artists, Theodore Rousseau, Jean Francois Millet, named after the forest of Fontainebleau near the village of Barbizon.

Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood

The first avante-garde movement in art. A group of English painters, poets and critics aiming to reform art by rejecting practices of contemporary academic British art.

Hudson River School

First American school of landscape painting. Usual subjects were the Hudson River Valley and the upper state of New York.

Gustave Courbet

First French Realist; he believed that artists could accurately represent only their experience.

Honore Daumier

A lithographer, a type of print using stone, and cartoonist who satritized Parisian officials.

Edouard Manet

Uses shallow perspective.

Olympia is a term used for prostitute during the time, the woman in Olympia was the same woman in the Dejeuner Sur Pherb

Impressionism

A movement in French painting sometimes called Optical Realism.

It has a scientific interest in the actual visual experience and effect of light and movement on the appearance of objects.

Claude Monet

Leader of the pleinarists and is a landscape impressionist.

Les Bassin de Nympheas translates to The Water Lilies. Rouen Cathedral is a Gothic Cathedral painted during various times of day casting different moods and atmospheres.

Pleinarists

People who believed in working outdoors. He paints a single subject in varying lights and seasons.

Edouard Manet

Paints with full brush strokes. He places concentration of light on the important feature of the painting to record the impression of the eye naturally

Edgar Degas

Worked in pastels and oils. He adopted diagonal painting from the emergence of Photography. Ballet is his favorite subject because he is interested about how light shines on a tutu.

Pierre Auguste Renoir

An artist of genre and portrait painting. He uses an interplay of colors caused by flickering of sunshine and shadow.

Auguste Rodin

A self taught sculptor. His works are seen as a whole and the detailing is not as polished. In his sculpture The Burghers of Calais, the distorted poses shows the burghers or men about to be burned as sacrifice to the King.

Neo-Impressionism

Elements, figures are more solidly and conventionally defined.

Pierre Seurat

He originated the Pointillism technique, also called confettism.

His work Le Grande Jatte is also called Sunday Afternoon on the Island of Le Grande Jatte.

Pointillism

A technique based on the skillful putting side by side touches of pure color.

Eiffel Tower by Gustave Eiffel

An iron lattice tower located on the Champ de Mars in Paris. Built for the 1889 International Exhibition in Paris.

Paris Opera House by Charles Garnier

One of the symbols of Imperial Regime. It is a very ornate building and it's auditorium's central chandelier weighs over 6 tons and the ceiling was painted in 1964 by Chagall.

Arts and Crafts Movement

Originated in England as a reaction against poor mass produced goods. Detested the use steel frames and re-enforced concrete. Celebrated the craftsman as an artist. Honesty and integrity of design.

Rationalism

A design movement that emphasized the decorative use of materials and textures as an integral part of structure rather than as an ornament

William Morris

He was born to a wealthy family in London and promoted the cause of the craftsman and encouraged the return of the skill of weaving, hand printing, etc.

The Glasgow School of Art by Charles Rennie Mackintosh

A towering rectangular block with almost no decoration. It broke away from the traditional methods of architectural adornment.

The Red House by Philip Webb

A deliberate attempt at expressing surface textures of ordinary materials with an asymmetrical and quaint building composition.