Structural Kinesiology Total Mayhem

This is imported questions from a few different quizlets in an effort to make the best quiz possible.

proximal

closer to the trunk

distal

farther from the trunk

medial

closer to the midline

lateral

farther from the midline

anterior

front side of the body (ventral)

posterior

back side of the body (dorsal)

superior

above

inferior

below

superficial

near the surface

deep

away from the surface

plantar

bottom of the foot

dorsal

top of foot

varus

distal segment (foot) deviates toward midline relative to proximal segment

valgus

distal segments (foot) deviate away from midline relative to proximal segment

transverse plane

divides the body into superior and inferior parts

actions seen in full from above looking down

frontal plane

divides the body into front and back portions

actions seen in full from the front

sagittal plane

divides body into left and right

actions seen in full from the side

longitudinal axis

perpendicular to transverse plane

sagittal axis

perpendicular to frontal plane

frontal axis

perpendicular to the sagittal plane

flexion

decrease angle between two segments

extension

increase angle between two segments

Dorsiflexion

pull toes toward shin

plantar flexion

point toes away from shin

abduction

move away from midline (outwards)

adduction

move toward midline (inward)

elevation

move scapula superiorly

depression (scapula)

move scapula inferiorly

inversion

lift medial border of foot

eversion

lift lateral border of foot

lateral flexion of trunk

bending the vertebral column

internal (medial) rotation

anterior surface of segment rotates medially or inward

external (lateral) rotation

anterior surface of segment rotates laterally or outward

supination

Palm up

pronation

palm down

horizontal abduction

move arm away from the midline in the transverse plane

horizontal adduction

move arm toward the midline in the transverse plane

long bones

Composed of a long cylindrical shaft with relatively wide, protruding ends

shaft contains the medullary canal

Ex. phalanges, metatarsals, metacarpals, tibia, fibula, femur, radius, ulna, & humerus

short bones

Small, cubical-shaped, solid bones that usually have a proportionally large articular surface in order to articulate with more than one bone

ex: carpals and tarsals

flat bones

Usually have a curved surface & vary from thick where tendons attach to very thin

Ex. ilium, ribs, sternum, clavicle, & scapula

irregular bones

Include bones throughout entire spine & ischium, pubis, & maxilla

sesamoid bones

patella, 1st metatarsophalangeal

functions of muscle

1. energy converters: chemical (ATP) to mechanical (force)

2. the body's internal force generators

3. actuators that generate and control motion and maintain posture

4. pumps that help move and regulate the flow of blood and other fluids

5. temperature regulators

concentric contraction

muscle shortens

eccentric contraction

muscle lengthens

isometric contraction

stays the same length

agonist (prime mover)

muscle performing a given action. for example, elbow flexion - biceps brachii

synergists

muscles contributing to the same function contractions are additive. for example, biceps brachii, brachialis, and brachioradialis are synergistic muscles

osteoarthritis

degenerative arthritis - low grade inflammation, excessive cartilage wear, decline in synovial fluid

My eyes are ____ to my nose

lateral

My feet are ____ to my knees

distal

My heart is ___ to my ribs

deep

My head is ____ to my left lung

superior

My right arm is _____ to my left leg

contralateral

My abs are ____ to my spine

anterior

The transverse plane cuts the body into _____ and _____.

superior; inferior

The sagittal plane cuts the body into ___ and ___.

right; left

The frontal plane cuts the body into ___ and ____.

anterior; posterior

What actions are performed in the transverse plane?

internal/external rotation

supination/pronation

horizontal abduction/addiction

What actions are performed in the sagittal plane?

flexion/extension

What actions are performed in the frontal place?

abduction/adduction

elevation/depression

inversion/eversion

radial/ulnar deviation

lateral flexion

Which end of the muscle is the more stable end?

origin

1 multiple choice option

Which end of the muscle is typically the more distal end of the muscle?

insertion

1 multiple choice option