Chapter 26 Reproductive system diseases

Cystitis

Inflammation of bladder

• Painful burning and frequent urination

E. coli most common cause

Translocation of bacteria to urethra

Treatment

• antbiotics

Can progress if not treated to kidney infection

Gonorrhea

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Women are more prone to get it

Symptoms: painful urination, pus discharge in men, women often asymptomatic

Can have pharyngeal and anal

Treatment: antibiotics

Chlamydia

Chlaymydia Trachomatic

Asymptomatic or painful urination

more common in women

Treatment:

• antibiotics

Often co-infection with gonorrhea

Syphilis

Treaponema pallidum

Produces lipoproteins that induce inflammatory response

Primary stage

• small painless sore on genitals

• often not noticed

Secondary

• Skin rashes all over body

Latent period

• 2-4 years

• most cases do not go past this stage

Tertiary stage

• cause problems anywhere it goes

• skin, heart, CNS

Treatment:

• antibiotics

Herpes Simplex 2

HSV2

Genital herpes

painful fluid fill vesicles on genitals

painful urination, movement

Latent virus

Transmitted through contact with these lesions

Treatment:

• no cure

Genital Warts

Warts on genitals

Most common sexually transmitted disease

Symptoms

• warts, none

Some strains can cause cervical cancer

Vaccine to hpv to prevent cervical cancer

• Gardasil

Treatment:

• no cure

Most clear on own

Candidiasis

Candida albicans

Vaginal yeast infection

Common in mouth, intestines, genitals

Symptoms

• itching, thick discharge, yeasty color

Treatment

• antifungals

Trichomoniasis

Trichomonas vaginalis

Protozoan

STI or opportunistic

Symptoms: asymptomatic

Treatment:

• antiprotozoan

AIDS

HIV: Mutations of monkey virus in Africa

• 1908

Identified in 1983

HIV

Retrovirdidae (RNA→DNA)

• reverse transcriptase

2 RNA strands

Envelope

• spikes gp120

gp120 infects human and binds to CD4+ (T helpers cells)

• kills cell

RNA gets inside and uses enzyme to attack that rna to make dna to put it in host cells

Transmission:

• Body fluids, sexual contact, anal intercourse (easier to transmitt), vaginal intercourse,

• not transmitted through causual contact

No vaccines

Treatment:

• HAART

• Antiretroviral, nucleoside reverse, transcriptase, non nucleoside RTI

  • Reverse transcriptase, protease inhibitors, cell entry inhibitors, integrase inhibitors

HIV Phases

Phase 1

• Billions of CD4+ are being infected

• Immune system kicks in

• Asymptomatic or swollen lymphnodes

Phase 2

• CD4+ T starts to decline

• HIV replication

• immune system declines

• Persistent infections

Phase 3

• CD4+ gets below 350/ul

• HIV→ AIDs below 200/ul

• about 10 years in developed country and 5 years in Africa

HIV more facts

CCR5 coreceptor for infection

• individuals without CCR5 gene are resistant to aids

1 in 300 do not progress to aids

• CTLs with unusual powers, destroys fast mutating viruses