Emily Nguyen Chapter 15: reproductive system

What does follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) do in males?

stimulate sperm production and support the maturation of the testes

What does follicle -stimulating hormone (FSH) do in females?

stimulate the ovaries to mature ovarian follicle and trigger estrogen production

What does luteinizing hormone (LH) do in males?

stimulates the production of testosterone

What does luteinizing hormone (LH) do in female?

regulates the menstrual cycle and trigger ovulation

What is puberty?

physical maturation where a childś body develops into an adult body capable of reproduction

What is puberty timed between male and female?

female: 12 years old Male: 12-14 years old

What is the urethral orifice?

the urethra opens to the outside of the body to release the sperm

What is circumcision?

the surgical removal of the foreskin, the tissue covering the head of the penis

What is the scrotum?

protective, muscular pouch of skin located between the legs behind the penis that houses the testes,epididymis, and lower spermatic cord

What temperature are the testes at, and why?

2-3 degrees celsius lower that the body core temperature

What is a vasocongestion?

inflammation of the tissue caused by increased flow of blood into a region , coupled with restricted outflow

What is spermatogenesis, and how long does sperm take to mature?

the process of male sperm germ cells developing will take about 74-76 days for a full cycle, with an additional 10-14 days for transport through the epididymis for final maturation

What are the actions of testosterone?

binding the androgen receptors throughout the body, triggering changes in gene expression to regulate muscle mass, bone density, libido, and energy

What is the epididymis?

highly coiled, narrow tube located to the back of each tesicle, responsible for storing sperm and allowing them to mature

What are the vas deferens?

a pair of long, muscular tubes in the male reproductive system that transport mature sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct and urethra in preparation for ejaculation

What is a vasectomy?

cut in the vas deferens to prevent sperm from coming out

What is the prostate gland?

located beneath the urinary bladder and secretes 30% of semen

What is prostatitis?

inflammation of the prostate gland

What is prostate cancer?

cancer of the prostate gland

What is urethral canal?

tube that let the urine and semen come out

What are the cowper’s glands?

2 small glands that secrete a clear, sticky alkaine fluid

What is the labia major homologous to in the males?

the scrotum

What is the clitoris homologus to in males?

the penis

How big are the ovaries, and what is the function of the ovaries?

3-5 cm in length and to stimulate the FSH in the pituitary gland and release the eggs for reproduction

What is oogenesis?

developemnt of the primary follicle

What is a pap smear?

test for cervical cancer

What is oxytocin?

a hormone and neurotransmitter produced in the hypothalamus and released by the pituitary gland

What is a hysterectomy?

surgical removal of the uterus

What is a pre-ovaratory phase?

the first part of the menstrual cycle, starting on Day 1 of menstruation and ending with ovulation

When does ovulation start?

last day of menstration

What is post ovualtory phase?

The phase immediately following ovulation is the luteal phase

What is menopause?

menstrual cycle becomes irregular and ceases about 50 years old