special senses

muscle that turns the eye laterally

lateral rectus

muscle that turns the eye medially

medial rectus

muscle that turns the eye up and laterally

inferior oblique

muscle that turns the eye down and medially

inferior rectus

muscle that turns the eye up and medially

superior rectus

muscle that turns the eye down and laterally

superior oblique

called the auditory ossicles

incus, malleus, stapes

sacs found within the vestibule; sites of the maculae

saccule

vibrates; transmits the vibrations to the ossicles

tympanic membrane

fluid contained within the membranous labyrinth

endolymph

fluid contained within the bony labyrinth

perilymph

grains of calcium carbonate in the maculae

otoliths

location of the spiral organ

cochlear duct

involved in equalizing pressure in the middle ear with the external air pressure

pharyngotympanic tube

positioned in all three special planes

semicircular ducts

gelatinous cap overlying hair cells of the crista ampullaris

ampullary cupula

transmits the vibrations of the stapes to the fluid in the scala vestibuli

oval window

hair cells of the spiral organ rest on this membrane

basillar membrane

contains the crista ampullaris

utricle

acts as a pressure relief valve for pressure waves in the scala tympani

round window

gelatinous membrane overlying in the hair cells of the spiral organ

tectoral membrane