Aeneid Scholarship

__***West***__

"Virgil was a symbolist in his word-use in the Aeneid." - Use of language in the Aeneid

__***Bergk***__

"There is in all Virgil hardly a simile which is not borrowed." - use of simile

__***Coffey***__

"A large number of similes in the Aeneid draw on violent natural phenomena." - similes

__***Harrison***__

"Aeneas is a man of loneliness and responsibility." - Aeneas

__***Harrison***__

"Dido is neither bad or mad, indeed she is highly sympathetic to the modern reader." - Dido

__***Camps***__

"Turnus is meant to have his share of the reader's sympathy, fatally misguided though he is and bloodthirsty." - Turnus

__***Rogerson***__

"[Ascanius] is the very embodiment of the future of his family and people." - Ascanius

__***Jenkyns***__

"[Camilla] is one of Virgil's strangest and most original creations." - Camilla

__***Morgan***__

"The Aeneid is a battle of giants against gods." - Overview

__***Camps***__

"Dido and Turnus are victims of the higher powers." - Dido and Turnus

__***Jenkyns***__

"Aeneas has the burden of destiny imposed on him." - Aeneas

__***Nussbaum***__

"From the ashes of Troy will rise the Phoenix of Rome."

__***Mackie***__

"Aeneas' general concern to facilitate fate is the cornerstone of his pietas." - Aeneas

__***Camps***__

"The Aeneid is in a real sense the poet's tribute to his country." - Overview

__***Griffin***__

"The uncontrolled domination of a man whose whole career was illegal." - Aeneid and the Augustan Age

__***Williams***__

As, "terrified, frail and human." - Aeneas at the start of the poem

__***Williams***__

"Crucial book in the development of Aeneas" - Book 6

__***Miller***__

"The most successful and sublime celebration of empire ever conceived" - The Aeneid

__***Basson***__

"As an opponent full equipped to stand up to the Trojan hero" - Mezentius

__***Rawson***__

"The Romans had an ambivalent attitude towards kings" - Roman Attitudes

__***Williams***__

"The gods wish Romans to conquer the proud" - Gods

__***Kerns***__

"Transforming" Homer's Epics - Virgil's Writing

__***Kerns***__

"Fugitive of Fate" - Aeneas victim of fate

__***Beard***__

"Unstraight forward hero" - Aeneas

__***Morgan***__

Aeneas fell in love with Dido because she is building a city

__***Edwards***__

"Aeneas fails... In all the Stoic divisions of virtue... Except justice"

__***Duckworth***__

"Double causation... The actions of the god... Externalises the sentiments of the characters and brings them to a decisive fulfillment"

__***Duckworth***__

"Turnus is a tragic character because he is a brave man devoted to a cause which is righteous"

__***Cowan***__

"Mezentius... The man you hate to love"

__***Semple***__ Anti - Augustan → Virgil hated war

Argues that Virgil "hated war" because he saw war and its consequences first hand.

__***Quinn***__ Pro - Augustan → Aeneas like Julius Caesar.

Julius Caesar had also had an affair with Cleopatra, but he had ended the affair and gone back to Rome. Unlike Antony

__***Metzger***__ Anti - Augustan → Augustus is a traitor.

He is a traitor to Roman virtue just as much as he is the embodiment of the new era

__***Parry***__

Voices about Augustus. A voice of public admiration for Augustus. A voice of loss and lamentation - Private Voice

__***Glover***__ Pro-Augustan → Virgil and Augustus were friends.

"A warm friendship bound them to each other".

__***Griffin***__

"It would be absurd to suppose that Virgil embarked on an epic poem simply in order to flatter Augustus."

__***Camps***__ Pro - Augustan

"Augustus in his own day has borne and bears the same responsibility for his people's future that Aeneas bore before him."

__***Sabine Grebe***__ Pro - Augustan

"It reinforces the divine foundation of the emperor's prestige."

__***Quinn***__ Anti - Augustan → Justification of Augustus' actions and wars.

"Was not simply the glorification of a general or politician, but the justification of a cause"

__***Quinn***__ Anti - Augustan → Civil War.

"he must make a serious attempt to justify Augustus' conduct of the civil war."

__***West***__ →Book 8 - The Shield.

"It is also praise of Augustus" and "in line with Augustan propaganda the name of Antony is never mentioned."

__***Morgan***__

Pallas is the "Fighting son" compared to Ascanius who is mostly passive/ diplomatic

__***Morgan***__

Virgil "Takes great effort to side-line women"

__***Rexine***__

"Fire in the Aeneid is used in both a destructive as well as a constructive sense, both literally and symbolically"

__***Morgan***__

Women are ‘obstacles in the way of Aeneas’ achievement’

__***Morgan***__

Women have ‘a license to perform in this epic for as long as they operate like men

__***Grillo***__

The typical virtues of the roman wife perfectly match Virgil's characterisation of creusa / the gesture of putting herself last shows the responsibility and role of women in the making of peace

__***Morgan***__

Lavinia represents the ideal roman woman

__***Edwards***__

‘Powerful women are the ones who die’

__***Harrison***__ → Juno’s overreaction

‘soap opera bitch’

__***Duckworth***__ → Turnus’ death

"poetic justice"