Ap Biology Unit 1

1.1 + 1.2 + 1.3

What is water made of and what is the ratio?

Oxygen and Hydrogen 2:1

What type of bond shares electrons?

Covalent bonds

Is oxygen or hydrogen more electronegative?

Oxygen

What is the particle charge of oxygen?

Partially Negative

What causes polarity in water molecules?

Oxygen being partially negative and hydrogen being partially positive

Are hydrogen bonds weak or strong?

Weak

Where do hydrogen bonds form?

Between negative and positive regions of molecules

What molecules can form hydrogen bonds?

2 water or water and a charged molecule

What is 2 of the same molecules bonding with hydrogen bonds called?

Cohesion

What is 2 different molecules bonding with hydrogen bonds called?

Adhesion

What is an example of adhesion?

Amino Acid + Water

What can hydrogen bonds between water molecules cause?

Surface Tension

What are the Emergent Properties of water?

Cohesion, Adhesion, and Surface Tension

Which emergent property is responsible for the solvency of water?

Adhesion

Which emergent property is responsible for ice floating? Why?

Cohesion causes hydrogen bonding when water is solid

Does ice being able to float show water or ice is more dense?

Water is more dense

What is a benefit to ice being able to float?

Arctic life can live beneath ice

Which emergent property is responsible for the high heat capacity of water? Why?

Cohesion absorbs a lot of thermal energy

What is a benefit to waters high heat capacity?

Fish use it to keep proper temperature

Which emergent property is responsible for the capillary property of water?

Adhesion and Cohesion

Capillary definition?

Water flowing though a narrow space

What is a benefit to waters capillary property?

Plants can get water from soil

Is non-polar hydrophobic or hydrophilic?

Hydrophobic

Is polar hydrophobic or hydrophilic?

Hydrophilic

What do living systems need a constant input of energy for?

Grow, reproduce, and maintain organization

Where is energy stored?

Chemical bonds

What are the macromolecules?

Carbohydrates, Proteins, Nucleic Acid, Lipids

What elements are in Carbohydrates?

Carbon

What elements are in proteins?

Carbon, Nitrogen

What elements are in Nucleic Acid?

Carbon, Nitrogen, Phosphorus

What elements are in Lipids?

Carbon, Phosphorus

What are the carbon skeleton shapes?

Carbon chain, carbon ring, carbon branch

What is a carbon skeleton?

Link of carbons

What do carbon skeletons allow for?

Large and complex molecules

What bonds form between monomers?

Covalent bonds

What monomers make up carbohydrates?

Monosaccharides

What monomers make up proteins?

Amino Acids

What monomers make up nucleic Acid?

Nucleotides

What monomers make up lipids?

Fatty Acids

What is dehydration synthesis used for?

Making macromolecules

What is the remaining product from dehydration synthesis?

Water

What happens during hydrolysis?

Polymers are hydrolyzed into monomers

What is added to a monomer during hydrolysis?

Water