Meat science exam 1

Fasting/feed withdrawal

not longer than 24 hours

benefits of feed withdrawl

easier removal of the vicera, less content in the GI tract

Animal Handling goals

Reduce stress

Animal stress impacts

Meat quality; animal injury

Short term excitement

Bruising, over-heating, fiery fat, stress syndrome, death, PSE

Long term stress

Changes in weather, extended fasting, illness, DFD

Animal stress on pork

PSE, Bruising, Death

Animal stress on beef/lamb

Fiery fat or blood splash; dark cutters

Hormones involved in animal stress

epinephrine, norepinephrine

Lairage

The time for animals to rest after arrival at the slaughter facility, immediately prior to slaughter; no less than 2 hours

Non-ambulatory

downers

Human Slaughter Act of 1978

Requires humane immobilization methods before sticking or bleeding

Stunning renders the animal

Unconcious; insensible to pain

Captive bolt

Propels retractable bolt/metal shaft into the skull; placement is critical

Electrical stunning

Current passed through the animal causing gross muscle contraction, grand mal seizure

CO2 stunning

Used in swine industry; Animals lose consciousness from extended hypoxia

Effective stunning

Limb movement or kicking is mostly ignored, considered involuntary movement

three types of long term stress

Psychological, Physical, Environmental

phases of rigor mortis

Delay, Onset, Completion

three connective tissues in muscle

epimysium, perimysium, endomysium

5 levels of muscle organization

Whole Muscle, Muscle Bundle, Muscle Cell, Myofibril, Sarcomere

A

Troponin

B

Actin

What species is not split

Lamb/Sheep

Always stunned with a Captive bolt

Beef

What species can be rendered unconcious through CO2

Pork

What s electrical stunning not used on

Beef

what uses electrical stimulation

Lamb/Sheep

What species has the highest metabolic rate

Pork

does not require skinning

Pork

can be scrapped, scalded, singed

Pork

Vicera

Abdominal cavity organs

Pluck

Heart, lungs, trachea