IP Addressing and Processes Lecture Review

This set of flashcards covers IP addressing (CIDR, netmasks, broadcast addresses), process management (fork, wait, process trees), and I/O buffering concepts discussed in the lecture.

When is Assignment 3 due according to the lecture administration notes?

3 p. M. Thursday, May 28 (Week 13)

In CIDR notation exercises, what does the constraint 'all networks are as small as possible' imply?

The networks should have the fewest number of host bits in the address, or the greatest number of network bits, pushing the divide as far to the right as possible.

What are the two binary patterns that the host part of an IP address cannot be?

The host part cannot be all zeros (network address) or all ones (broadcast address).

For Network A with addresses ranging from $10.254.1.7$ to $10.254.1.31$, what is the CIDR notation identified in the lecture?

$$10.254.1.0/26$$

For Network B with addresses ranging from $192.168.21.0$ to $192.168.21.255$, what is the calculated CIDR notation?

$$192.168.20.0/22$$

How is a netmask defined in binary terms?

A netmask consists of all ones in the network part and all zeros in the host part.

How is a broadcast address calculated using the network part and host part?

It is the network part combined with all ones in the host part.

If a network has 15 computers connected to it, what is the minimum number of host bits required?

At least $5$ bits (providing $2^5=32$ combinations, or $30$ usable host addresses).

According to the transcript, which IP address ranges are considered private and not routable on the external internet?

The $192$ networks and the $10$ dot networks.

In a process tree diagram, what does a horizontal line represent?

A process, with time moving from left to right.

What values does the fork() command return to the child and the parent processes?

It returns $0$ to the child process and the process ID (PID) of the child to the parent process.

What is the difference in buffering when output is sent to a terminal versus a pipe?

Output to a terminal is line buffered (flushed at new lines), while output to a pipe is block buffered.

Why does block buffering result in more output lines after a fork()?

The buffer is inherited by the child process, and if it hasn't been flushed before the fork, the buffered content is duplicated and eventually printed by both processes.

In the specific process tree example provided, how many total processes were created including the initial process?

$$7$$

In the lecture's process example, why can't the maximum number of running processes reach the total process count of seven?

Because of scheduling constraints like wait(), specifically that processes five and six could never be alive at the same time.

What was the minimum number of output lines for the process example when line buffering was used?

$$22$$