AQA Biology GCSE Topic 2: Organisation

These flashcards cover key concepts related to the organization of living organisms, including tissues, organs, systems, enzymes, and diseases.

Tissue

A group of specialised cells with a similar structure and function.

Organ

A structure formed from different types of tissues working together to produce a specific function.

Organ system

A group of organs that work together to perform a specific function in the body.

Enzymes

Biological catalysts that increase the rate of reactions without being used up.

Optimum temperature

The temperature range at which an enzyme works best, around 37 degrees Celsius for most human enzymes.

Denaturation

The process where proteins lose their structure and function due to extreme pH or temperature changes.

Carbohydrases

Enzymes that convert carbohydrates into simple sugars.

Proteases

Enzymes that convert proteins into amino acids.

Lipases

Enzymes that convert lipids into fatty acids and glycerol.

Coronary heart disease

A condition caused by the blockage of coronary arteries, leading to reduced blood flow to the heart.

Stent

A metal mesh tube inserted into arteries to keep them open and allow blood flow.

Pacemaker

A group of cells in the heart that controls the heartbeat by sending electrical impulses.

Alveoli

Air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs between air and blood.

Translocation

The movement of food substances in the phloem from where they are made to where they are needed.

Transpiration

The loss of water vapor from the leaves and stems of plants, which helps pull water up from the roots.

Benign tumor

A growth of cells that remains in one place and does not invade other tissues.

Malignant tumor

A cancerous tumor that invades neighboring tissues and can spread to other parts of the body.