L: Pectoral and Scapular regions

complete

How many muscles exist in the pectoral region?

4

Which muscle in the pectoral region moves the clavicle?

Subcalvius

Which nerve roots supply the subcalvius?

C5, C6

Which muscle in the pectoral region moves the humerus?

Pectoralis major

What nerves innervated the pectoralis major?

Median pectoral nerve (C8,T1) and lateral pectoral nerve (C5,C6,C7)

Which 2 muscles in the pectoral region move the scapula?

Pectoralis minor and serratus anterior

What innervates the pectoralis minor?

the medial pectoral nerve (C8,T1)

What innervates the serratus anterior?

The long thoracic nerve (C5,C6,C7)

Which muscle stabilises and depresses the scapula?

Pectoralis minor

Which muscle protracts, rotates and prevents winging of the scapula?

serratus anterior

How many heads does the pectoralis major have?

2

What movements of the humerus does the pectoralis major help with?

Adduction, medial rotation and flexion and extension

What does the subcalvius do to the clavicle?

Stabilises and depresses

Which extrinsic back muscle moves the humerus?

Latissimus dorsi

What innervates latissimus dorsi?

Thoracodorsal nerve (C6,C7,C8)

Which 3 extrinsic muscles move the scapula?

trapezius, rhomboid major and minor, and elevator scapula

What innervates the trapezius?

The spinal accessory nerve (afferent C3, C4)

What innervates the rhomboids?

Dorsal scapular nerve (C4, C5)

What innervates the levator scapula?

Cervical nerves (C3,4) and dorsal scapular nerve (C4,C5)

What is the action of latissimus dorsi at the GH joint?

Extension, adduction and medial rotation

Which muscle is the prime mover of elevation of the scapula?

The upper trapezius

What is the prime mover of depression of the scapula?

Gravity

What is the prime mover of protraction of the scapula?

Serratus anterior

What is the prime mover of retraction of the scapula?

Middle trapezius

What is the prime mover of upward rotation of the scapula?

Upper trapezius

What is the prime mover of downward rotation of the scapula?

latissimus dorsi

What are the intrinsic shoulder muscles?

Deltoid, teres major, rotator cuff muscles

What are the 4 rotator cuff muscles?

Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor and subscapularis

What innervates the deltoid?

The axillary nerve (C5,C6)

What innervates teres major?

Lower subscapular nerve (C5,6)

What are the 3 functional parts of the deltoid?

Anterior (clavicular), middle (acromial), and posterior (spinal)

what movements does the anterior deltoid do?

Flexion, medial rotation

What movement does the middle deltoid do?

Abduction

What movement does the posterior deltoid do?

Extension, lateral rotation

Which part of the deltoid is acromial?

The middle

Which part of the deltoid is clavicular?

Anterior

Which part of the deltoid is spinal?

the posterior

What movement does the teres major do?

Adduction and medial rotation

What innervates the supraspinatus muscle?

Suprascapular nerve (C4, 5, 6)

What innervates the infraspinatus muscle?

Suprascapular nerve (C5, 6)

What innervates the teres minor?

Axillary nerve (C5,6)

What innervates the subscapularis muscle?

The upper and lower subscapular nerves (C5,6,7)

Which muscle initiates the first 15 degrees of abduction?

Supraspinatus

What movement do infraspinatus and teres minor do?

External rotation

What movement does subscapularis do?

Internal rotation

How many rotator cuff muscle insert onto the greater tuberosity?

3

Which 3 rotator cuff muscles insert onto the greater tuberosity?

Supraspinatus, infraspinatus and teres minor (most lateral)

Which rotor cuff muscle inserts onto the lesser tubercle?

Subscapularis

What does the supraspinatus run beneath?

The acromion

What is located beneath the acromion that can become inflated or impinged?

Subacromial bursa

Which 3 arm muscles cross the GH joint?

Long head of biceps brachia, coracobrachialis and long head of triceps

What deep fascia surrounds pec. minor?

Clavipectoral fascia

What deep fascia covers pec.major?

Pectoral fascia

What is the pectoral fascia continuous with laterally?

Axillary fascia

What forms the floor of the axilla and the forms the axillary fossa?

Axillary fascia

Is infraspinatus and supraspinatus fascia thin or dense?

Thick and dense

What does the axilla connect?

the neck and upper limb

What does the scapular region connect?

The axilla to the posterior of the limb

What makes up the anterior wall of the axilla?

Pec. major, minor and fascia

What makes up the posterior wall of the axilla?

Scapula, subscapularis, teres major and latissimus dorsi

What makes up the medial wall of the axilla?

Ribs 1-4, serratus anterior

What makes up the lateral wall of the axilla?

The humerus (intertuberucular groove)

What forms the anterior axillary fold?

Pectoralis major

What forms the posterior axillary fold?

teres major, latissimus dorsi

What forms the borders of the cervico-axillary canal?

1st rib, scapula, clavicle

Which part of the brachial plexus exists in the axillary area?

Cords and branches

What is the axillary sheath formed from?

Prevertebral fascia

What does the axillary lymphatics drain?

The upper limb and thoracic wall

What trunk do axillary lymphatics drain into?

Subclavian trunk

What are the three scapular spaces?

Quadrilangular space, triangula interval (lower), triangular space (upper)

What forms the borders of the quadrilangular space?

• teres minor

• long head of triceps

• teres major

• humerus

What is located within the quadrilangular space?

• posterior circumflex humeral artery

• axillary nerve

• surgical neck of the humerus

What forms the borders of the triangular space (upper)?

• teres minor

• long head of triceps

• teres major

What is located within the triangular space (upper)?

• circumflex scapular artery (which leads to scapular anastomoses)

What forms the borders of the triangular interval (lower)?

• humerus

• long head of triceps

• teres major

What is located within the triangular interval?

• radial nerve

• profunda brachii artery

(leads to spiral groove)