Sociology Differences

Crime vs. Deviance

Crime violates formal law; deviance violates social norms.

Theory for primary/secondary deviance

Labeling theory.

Strain theory vs. Differential association

Strain theory focuses on pressure and blocked opportunity; differential association focuses on learning crime from others.

Labeling theory vs. Conflict theory

Labeling theory focuses on who gets labeled deviant; conflict theory says society is based on power struggles, and laws often protect the powerful.

Marx vs. Weber on class

Marx focuses mainly on economic position; Weber includes money, education, occupation, and access to opportunities.

Sex vs. Gender

Sex is biological; gender is social and cultural.

Sex vs. gender example

Being biologically male is sex; being told boys should not cry is gender.

Liberal vs. Radical feminism

Liberal feminism focuses on equal rights and legal reform; radical feminism focuses on patriarchy and male power.

Feminism focused on legislation

Liberal feminism.

Feminism focused on men benefiting from exploitation

Radical feminism.

Liberal feminism vs. Black feminism

Liberal feminism focuses on equal legal rights; Black feminism focuses on how race, class, and gender work together.

Feminism connected to intersectionality

Black feminism.

Radical feminism vs. Black feminism

Radical feminism focuses on patriarchy and male domination; Black feminism focuses on race, class, and gender as connected systems of domination.

Feminism mainly focused on male power

Radical feminism.

Feminism that says sexism cannot be separated from race and class

Black feminism.

Glass ceiling vs. Glass escalator

Glass ceiling blocks women from promotions; glass escalator helps men move up faster in traditionally female jobs.

Gender division of labor vs. Second shift

Gender division of labor separates jobs into men's work and women's work; second shift is unpaid housework and childcare after paid work.

Second shift

unpaid home labor women do after work

Race vs. Ethnicity

Race is based on socially defined physical traits; ethnicity is based on shared culture, ancestry, language, religion, or traditions.

Prejudice vs. Discrimination

Prejudice is a belief or attitude; discrimination is an action or behavior.

Stereotype vs. Prejudice

Stereotype is a generalization about a group; prejudice is a negative attitude toward a group.

Institutional racism

Racism built into systems and institutions that restricts access to opportunity.

Colorblind racism vs. Institutional racism

Colorblind racism denies or minimizes race; institutional racism is racism built into social systems.

Minority group vs. Dominant group

A minority group has less power; a dominant group has more power and privilege.

Does minority always mean smaller?

No. It means less power.

Miscegenation vs. Panethnicity

Miscegenation means relationships or reproduction between different racial or ethnic groups; panethnicity means different ethnic groups are grouped together or find common cause.

Miscegenation

Interracial relationships

Panethnicity

Shared group identity across ethnic groups ex. asian american b/c there are so many different types of mixes.