World History Semester 2 Practice Final

Vocabulary practice flashcards based on World History lecture notes covering Imperialism, Genocides, the Chinese and Russian Revolutions, Age of Absolutism, and the Industrial and French Revolutions.

Ethiopia

One of the few countries in Africa that was NOT conquered by European powers.

The Ottoman Empire

The power from Europe and the Middle East that modernized Egypt in $1805$.

The Suez Canal

A waterway built to aid trade between eastern colonies in Asia and western colonizing countries from Europe.

Great Britain

The nation that had the trade deficit with China prior to the Opium Wars.

Berlin Conference

A meeting where European powers agreed to terms that would avoid conflict in Africa.

Raw materials

The key motivation for Europeans in colonizing Africa, specifically for use in industry.

The jewel in the crown

The official nickname for India used by the British.

Sepoy Mutiny

An uprising caused by rumors that rifle cartridges were greased in fat.

14 Points

The post-$WW1$ principle outlined by US President Wilson used to justify Indian independence.

Mohandas Gandhi

The leader of the Salt March, an Indian nonviolent protest against British rule.

8 Stages of Genocide

Classification, symbolization, dehumanization, organization, polarization, preparation, extermination, and denial.

Holodamer

A genocide that occurred in the $1930s$, as identified in the lecture notes.

Armenien

A genocide that occurred in the $1910s$, as identified in the lecture notes.

Comintern

A Russian group sent to China to spread the ideas of Communism.

Mao Zedong

The leader of the Communist group during the Chinese Civil War.

Chiang Kai-shek

The leader of the Nationalist group during the Chinese Civil War.

Nationalists

The group in China backed by the US because they were anti-communists.

Five Year Plan

Mao's first plan focused on rapid industrialization and the collectivization of agriculture.

Cultural Revolution

An initiative instituted by Mao to ensure a communist future in China.

Duma

The name of the Russian legislative body, which was unable to help the people because most power was held by the sovereign.

Vladimir Llyich vlyan

The leader of the Bolshevik offshoot of the Marxist party.

October Revolution

The event in $1917$ when the Bolsheviks officially took power in Russia.

The Great Terror

Stalin's campaign to root out enemies of the state and people disloyal to the Communist Party.

Panama Canal Zone

The land received by the US in return for assisting Panama in its independence revolution.

Hugueners

The powerful group of Protestants that threatened France's Catholic monarchy.

Edict of Nantes

A peace treaty that established religious tolerance in France.

Cardinal Richelieu

Louis XIII's chief minister who helped centralize the power of the French monarchs.

Palace of Versailles

A political weapon used by Louis XIV to distract nobility and centralize the state.

Cavaliers

Also known as Royalists, they were the group that supported the king during the English Civil War.

Roundheads

The group led by Oliver Cromwell that supported Parliament during the English Civil War.

Constitutional Monarchy

The type of government created in England by the Glorious Revolution.

English Bill of Rights

The $1689$ document that made certain guarantees and rights for the people of England.

Bessemer Process

A method used for the production of steel.

Adam Smith

A proponent of Laissez-faire economics and capitalism who believed open markets benefited the most people.

Social Darwinism

The concept of survival of the fittest applied to human activities.

Compulsory education

Education mandated during the 2nd Industrial Revolution to provide workers with better training.

Liberty, equality, fraternity

The three words used to summarize the guiding principles of the French Revolution.

Bourgeoisie

Members of the population including landholders, merchants, bankers, industrialists, lawyers, doctors, and writers.

Tennis Court Oath

A meeting where a new constitution for France was to be written.

Committee of Public Safety

An organization led by Maximilien Robespierre to seek out and punish domestic enemies of the French Revolution.

Coup d'état

A successful takeover of government by force, such as the one led by Napoleon.

Napoleonic Code

Napoleon's greatest and most famous domestic achievement.

Mercantilism

An economic theory that promoted government control over the economy to maximize exports.

Divine Right

The political doctrine that the authority to rule comes directly from God.

Absolutism

A political system in which a ruler holds total power.