Chapter 21 - The Progressive Era

La Follette

________ explained that the Wisconsin idea was a commitment to use government power to make "a happier and better state to live in, that its institutions are more democratic, that the opportunities of all its people are more equal, that social justice more nearly prevails ..

William Jennings Bryans

Although ________ loss in the 1896 presidential campaign ended the Populist Party as a serious political force, many reforms pushed by the Populists were implemented by progressives.

Louis D Brandeis

________, a Kentucky attorney who became Woodrow Wilsons progressive adviser and later a justice of the Supreme Court, believed that "efficiency is the hope of democracy ..

Young Mens Christian Association

The ________ (YMCA) and a similar group for women, the YWCA, both entered the United States from England in the 1850s and grew rapidly after 1870.

Willard

________ also pushed the WCTU to lobby for other progressive reforms important to women, including an eight- hour workday, the regulation of child labor, government- funded kindergartens, the right to vote, and federal inspections of the food industry.

Clayton Antitrust Act

The ________ declared that labor unions were not to be viewed as "monopolies in restraint of trade, "as courts had maintained since 1890.

West Virginia

Debs became the unifying symbol of a diverse movement that united ________ coal miners, Oklahoma sharecroppers, Pacific Northwest lumberjacks, and immigrant workers in New York City sweatshops.

Young Mens Christian Association

The ________ (YMCA) and a similar group for women, the YWCA, both entered the United States from England in the 1850s and grew rapidly after 1870.

Carrie Chapman Catt

________, who became president of the National American Woman Suffrage Association in 1900, warned of the danger that "lies in the votes possessed by the males in the slums of the cities, and the ignorant foreign [immigrant] vote ..

Wilson

________ graduated from Princeton in 1879.

Staunton

Born in ________, Virginia, in 1856, the son, grandson, nephew, and son- in- law of Presbyterian ministers, Thomas Woodrow Wilson had grown up in Georgia and the Carolinas during the Civil War and Reconstruction.

blue eyed idealist

The tall, ________ had devoted his adult life to fighting against the "monstrous system of capitalism "on behalf of the working class, first as a labor union official, then as socialist promoting government ownership of railroads and the sharing of profits with workers.

Cleveland

Founded in 1874 in ________, Ohio, by 1900 the WCTU had grown into the largest womens group in the nation, boasting 300, 000 members.

Springfield

In 1875, Washington Gladden, a prominent pastor in ________, Massachusetts, invited striking shoe factory workers to his church, but they refused because the factory owners and managers were members of the congregation.

Wisconsin idea

The "________ "was widely publicized and copied by other progressive governors.

party platforms

The Populist ________ of 1892 and 1896 included reforms intended to give more power to "the people, "such as the direct election of U.S. senators by voters rather than by state legislatures.

1874

Founded in ________ in Cleveland, Ohio, by 1900 the WCTU had grown into the largest womens group in the nation, boasting 300, 000 members.

Walter Rauschenbusch

________, a German American Baptist minister serving immigrant tenement dwellers in the Hells Kitchen neighborhood of New York City, became the greatest champion of the social gospel.

Cincinnati

Born in ________ in 1857, he was the son of a prominent attorney who had served in President Grants cabinet.

twentieth century

Progressivism set in motion the two most important political developments of the ________: the rise of direct democracy and the expansion of federal power.

Sixteenth Amendment

To save capitalism from the threat of a working- class revolution, Roosevelt called for tighter federal regulation of "arrogant "corporations that too often tried to "control and corrupt "politics; for a federal income tax (the ________ had still not become law); and for federal laws regulating child labor.

Theodore Roosevelt's

________ emergence as a national political leader coincided with the onset of what historians have labeled the Progressive Era (1890- 1920), an extraordinary period of social activism and political innovation during which compelling public issues forced profound changes in the role of government and presidential leadership.

Triangle Shirtwaist

On March 25, 1911, a fire broke out at the ________ factory (called a "sweatshop "because of its cramped and unventilated work areas) in New York City.

Progressives

________ also developed other ways to increase public participation in the political process " (direct democracy) "so as to curb the power of corporate giants over state legislatures.

rural South

Populism, with its roots in the ________ and West, was another thread in the fabric of progressivism.

Carter Glass

________, the Virginia senator who was largely responsible for developing the Federal Reserve Act in 1913, was an enthusiastic supporter of his states efforts to disenfranchise black voters.

Illinois

In 1913, ________ granted women voting rights in presidential and municipal elections.

Addams

An ardent pacifist and outspoken advocate for suffrage (voting rights) for women, ________ would become the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.

Progressives

________ also developed other ways to increase public participation in the political process " (direct democracy) "so as to curb the power of corporate giants over state legislatures.

Alice Paul

In 1910, ________, a New Jersey- born Quaker and social worker, returned from working with the militant suffragists of England, where she had participated in various forms of civil disobedience to generate attention and support.

Pastor Washington Gladden

________ led a petition drive urging Roosevelt to step in to mediate the strike.

muckrakers

The so-called ________ were Americas first investigative journalists.

Federal Reserve Act

The ________ was the most significant new program of Wilsons presidency.

political corruption

Over the years, the good- government movement expanded beyond ending ________ to addressing persistent urban issues such as crime, access to electricity, clean water, municipal sewers, mass transit, and garbage collection.

commission system

The ________ placed ultimate authority in a board composed of commissioners who combined both legislative and executive powers in heading up city departments (sanitation, police, utilities, and so on)

champion of progressive efficiency

The ________ was Frederick Winslow Taylor, a Philadelphia- born industrial engineer who during the 1890s became a celebrated business consultant, helping mills and factories implement "scientific management ..

Underwood-Simmons Tariff Act

The ________ (1913) lowered tariff rates on almost 1, 000 imported products.

Roosevelt

________ was the first president to use his authority to referee a dispute between management and labor.

Roosevelt

Overall, ________ set aside more than 234 million acres of federal land for conservation purposes and created forty- five national forests in eleven western states.