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Correlation
A linear relationship between two variables.
How do you show correlation?
Naturalistic observations or surveys- Observed in descriptive or correlational methods.
Causation
One event is the direct cause of the other.
How do you show causation?
Determined through experiments
Positive correlation
as one variable increases, so does the other
Negative correlation
as one variable increases, the other decreases
No correlation
there is no relationship between the two variables
What are the three roadblocks to thinking?
hindsight bias
overconfidence
perceiving patterns in random events, “hot streaks”
Case Study
In-depth investigation of an individual or small group. Can include structured interviews (qualitative).
Naturalistic Observation
Watching behavior in authentic environments. Data was collected in a field setting without manipulation of a variable.
Meta-analysis
Summarizes previous studies on a topic. Could summarize multiple correlational studies or multiple experimental studies.
Note 
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