Human Diseases and Disorders Practice Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards based on lecture notes covering various diseases and medical conditions across body systems.

Osteoarthritis

A skeletal condition characterized by worn out joints.

Rheumatoid Arthritis

An autoimmune skeletal disorder that leads to deformities.

Gout

A condition involving uric acid buildup, commonly affecting the big toe.

Osteoporosis

A condition characterized by weak bones; it is age-related and more common in females.

Kyphosis

A thoracic spine condition often referred to as hunchback that makes a person shorter.

Lordosis

A lumbar spine condition known as sway back that makes a person shorter.

Scoliosis

A side to side lateral curvature of the spine that is most common in the school-age group and makes a person shorter.

Dislocation

A skeletal injury where the bone comes out of the joint socket.

Stress Fracture

A type of bone break associated with brittle bones.

Simple Fracture

A closed break where the bone stays within the skin.

Compound Fracture

An open bone break where the bone breaks out of the skin; often requires surgery and carries a high risk of infection.

Comminuted

A type of fracture where the bone is crushed.

Sprain

Damage to ligaments located at a joint.

Hernia

The protrusion of intestines through the abdominal muscle.

Muscular Dystrophy

A group of genetic diseases characterized by the wasting away of muscle.

Strain

A muscle that has been overstretched or torn.

Tendonitis

Inflamed tendons, typically occurring at the joints.

Tetanus

A condition caused by bacteria leading to uncontrolled muscle contractions; it can be prevented by a vaccine.

Laceration

A cut in the skin.

Abrasion

A scrape on the skin.

Puncture

A hole in the skin.

Incision

A cut made on purpose, typically in a medical setting.

Avulsion

A condition where tissue or other material comes off the body.

Acne Vulgaris

A skin condition caused by clogged sebaceous glands.

Albinism

A condition characterized by a lack of melanin and no color.

Athletes Foot

A painful, itchy peeling of the skin caused by a fungus.

Ringworm

A highly contagious fungus of the skin.

1st Degree Burn

A burn affecting the epidermis that is red and painful.

2nd Degree Burn

A burn characterized by blisters that affects the dermis.

3rd Degree Burn

A burn characterized by charred skin that affects the hypodermis.

Eczema

An itchy, scaly rash on the skin.

Genital Herpes

A viral STD caused by Herpes Simplex 2 for which there is no cure.

Shingles

A painful skin condition caused by the virus Herpes Zoster.

Herpes Simplex 1

A virus that causes fever blisters.

MRSA

A contagious skin infection that is resistant and hard to treat.

Scabies

An infestation of mites on the skin.

Basal Cell Skin Cancer

The most common and least dangerous type of skin cancer.

Squamous Cell Skin Cancer

The second most dangerous type of skin cancer.

Melanoma

The most dangerous type of skin cancer, involving melanocytes.

Cholecystitis

Gallbladder inflammation causing pain after eating fatty foods; treated by a Cholecystectomy.

Cirrhosis

A condition of the liver caused by alcohol abuse, often resulting in Jaundice (yellow skin).

Gastroenteritis

A stomach bug; prevented by washing hands.

GERD

A condition where stomach acid causes heartburn, often triggered by spicy food or laying down after eating.

Hiatal Hernia

Occurs when the stomach pushes through the diaphragm.

Hepatitis

A viral infection with three types: A (food and water), and B & C (blood born); often causes Jaundice.

Peptic Ulcer

An ulcer located in the stomach.

Cystitis

A bladder infection (UTI) more common in females; often caused by E Coli.

Enuresis

Bed wetting.

Glomerulonephritis

An infection of the kidney.

Incontinence

The inability to retain urine, leading to wetting oneself.

Renal calculi

A kidney stone, typically formed from calcium.

Acute Renal Failure

Kidney failure that gets better.

Chronic Renal Failure

Kidney failure that will not get better and requires a transplant.

Alzheimer's disease

A progressive nervous system disease causing memory loss and dementia.

Cerebral Palsy

A condition affecting the cerebellum.

Epilepsy

A nervous system disorder characterized by seizures.

Meningitis

A very dangerous infection requiring a Lumbar Puncture of spinal fluid to test for it.

Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

An autoimmune disease that causes damage to Myelin.

Encephalitis

A brain infection caused by a virus; can affect young women and cause numb fingers / toes.

Parkinsons disease

A dopamine problem resulting in tremors and a shuffling gait.

Poliomyelitis

An uncommon disease due to the availability of a vaccine.

Parapelgia

Paralysis affecting the legs only.

Quadripeligia

Paralysis affecting all 4 limbs.

Cereobrovascular accident (CVA)

Commonly known as a stroke; causes brain damage and Hemiplegia.

Color blindness

A problem with cones in the eye, more common in boys, tested using the Ishihara test.

Conjunctivitis

Commonly known as "Pink eye"; it is very contagious.

Detached retina

Partial blindness caused by trauma.

Glaucoma

Increased pressure in the eye measured by a Tonometer.

Myopia

Near sightedness; the inability to see far.

Hyperopia

Far sites; the inability to see near.

Presbyopia

Condition of "Old eyes" usually requiring bifocals.

Astigmatism

A problem with the shape of the eye.

Otitis externa

Also known as Swimmers ear.

Otitis media

A middle ear infection often treated with myringotomy tubes (ear tubes).

otosclerosis

Hardening of the ossicles; treated with a Stapedectomy.

tinnitus

Ringing in the ears.

Presbycusis

Condition of hearing loss in "Old eyes" requiring hearing aids.

Meneires disease

A condition characterized by Tinnitus, Vertigo (extreme dizziness), and nausea.

Anaphylactic shock

A life threatening reaction treated with an Epi pen.

HIV/AIDS

A blood borne virus.

Hodgkin’s Disease

A type of lymphatic cancer (lymphoma) marked by painless swelling of lymph nodes.

Infectious mononucleosis

Known as the "Kissing disease" or Momo; a virus spread by saliva.

lupus

An autoimmune disease characterized by a Butterfly rash.

Lymphedema

Swelling distal to lymphatic damage.

Acromegaly

Excessive GH after puberty resulting in large hands, feet, and facial features.

gigantism

Condition of super tall people caused by excess GH.

dwarfism

Short stature caused by not having enough GH.

hypothyroid

Low thyroid function resulting in Wt gain, poor sleep, tiredness, and constipation.

hyperthyroid

Fast metabolism characterized by Wt loss, being hungry, and a fast HR.

tetany

Sustained muscle contractions related to calcium levels.

addisons

Condition of low cortisol with symptoms of bronze skin, low BP, and low blood sugar; treated with sterroids.

cushings

Condition caused by too much cortisol, making the person look "CUSHY" with a moon face or Buffalo hump.

Diabetes type I

Condition with low or no insulin, high blood sugar, extreme thirst, and frequent urination.

Diabetes type II

Insulin resistance where cells don't respond to insulin; usually due to poor diet and slack of excerscise.

Epididymitis

A swollen, red, and painful scrodum often caused by STDs.

Erectile dysfunction

Caused by bad blood vessels in erectile tissue.

BPH

Benign protstatic hypertrophy; an enlarged prostate that compresses the urethra, preventing the bladder from emptying.

Prostate cancer

Condition often requiring surgery.

endometriosis

Uterine lining (endometrium) found in the pelvic cavity.

Breast cancer

Screened via Momogram tests.