Biology Review Notes

Flashcards covering key concepts from mammalian biology including feedback loops, digestion, blood circulation, neuron types, and muscle contraction.

Negative Feedback Loop

A process that counteracts a change to restore a system to its set point, maintaining homeostasis.

Positive Feedback Loop

A process that amplifies a change or output, moving the system away from its set point.

Mammalian Digestion

The process that involves ingestion, mechanical and chemical breakdown of food, absorption of nutrients, and elimination of waste.

Pathway of Blood in Mammalian Circulatory System

The route blood takes from the heart, through arteries to tissues, and back through veins, involving oxygenation in the lungs.

Afferent Neurons

Nerve cells responsible for sending sensory information to the central nervous system.

Interneurons

Neurons that connect afferent and efferent neurons and process information within the central nervous system.

Efferent Neurons

Nerve cells that carry signals away from the central nervous system to muscles and glands.

Actin and Myosin Interaction

The process during muscle contraction where myosin heads bind to actin filaments and pull, facilitating muscle shortening.