p5 - domestic electricity
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32 Terms
battery powered devices use what
direct current
what is direct current
current that only flows in one direction
what kind of current are homes powered by
alternating current
what is alternating current
it repeatedly reverses its direction at a constant frequency
uk mains frequency
50Hz
uk mains pd
230V
every mains circuit has what two wires
live and neutral
what are step up transformers for
to increase the pd
what are step down transformers for
to decrease the pd so that it is safe for homes
why does the national grid have a large pd
much less current needed to transfer same amount of power (also less heating in cables due to resistance)
frequency formula
1 / time taken for 1 cycle
what is used to show alternating potentia difference change with time
oscilloscope
what is the earth wire for
to stop metal casing becoming live so you don't get electrocuted if you touch it
safety feature in a plug + how it works
fuse - melts when current is too high and breaks the circuit
live wire colour
brown
neutral wire colour
blue
earth wire colour
yellow and green
why is copper used in the wire of plugs
as it is a good electrical conductor and bends easily
what is a short circuit
live wire touching neutral wire
power formula
energy transferred / time
what is current
the charge that flows through it each second
what is potential difference
the energy transferred to it by each coloumb of charge that passes through it
what is power
the energy transferred per second
power = ?
current x pd
power = ??
current^2 x resistance
charge formula
charge flow = current x time
the work done by the battery is equal to what
energy transferred to all the components in the circuit
when the charge flows through the reistor energy is transferred to the {{c1::resistor}}, so the resistor becomes {{c2::hotter}}
energy transferred formula
energy transferred = power x time
power formula 2
power = current x pd
efficiency formula
output power / input power (x100)
output power formula
efficiency x input power