organic chemistry 1 - final exam

formal charge equation

(valence electrons) - (lines + dots)

electronic geometry of sp 180 0 lone pairs

linear

electronich geometry of sp2 120 0 lone pairs

trigonal planar

electronic geometry of sp3 109.5 0 lone pairs

tetrahedral

molecular geometry of sp 180 0 lone pairs

linear

molecular geometry of sp2 120 0 lone pairs

trigonal planar

molecular grometry of sp2 120 1 lone pair

bent

molecular grometry of sp3 0 lone pairs

tetrahedral

molecular geometry of sp3 1 lone pair

trigonal pyramidal

molecular geometry of sp3 2 lone pairs

bent

resonance makes a molecule more _____

stable

greatest resonace contributor, all atoms must have an _____

octet

for the greatest resonance contributor, the negative charge should be on the _____

more electronegative atom

for the greatest resonance contributor, the positive charge should be on the _____

least electronegative atom

what is the strongest IMF type?

ion-ion

staggered newmans are more stable because they reduce ____

steric strain

eclipsed newmans are less stable due to _____

torsional strain

isomers

differnt compounds having the same molecular formula

constitutional isomers

compounds having the same molecular formula but differnt connectivity

steroisomers

compounds having the same formula and connectivity but differnt orientations

configurational isomers

stereoisomers that cannot interconvert unless covalent bonds are broken, can be separated

conformational isomers

stereoisomers that rapidly interconvert and cannot be separated

meso compounds

mirroed plane

bronsted acid

proton donor

bronsted base

proton acceptors

lewis acids

electron acceptors

lewis bases

electron donors

the smaller the pka, the _____ the acid

stronger

pka of H3O and OH2

<0

pka value of a carboxylic acid

5

pka value of water and OH

15

pka value of an alkyne

25

pka value of NH2

40

pka value of a alkene

45

pka value of an alkane

60

if the ph is above the pka, the compound will exist …

in its deprotonated form

if the ph is below the pka, the compound will exist …

in its protonated form

equilibrium will always favor the _____

weaker acid

if bromine is present…

M+2 peak that is equal to the M+ peak

if chlorine is present

the M+2 peak is 1/3 the height of the M+ peak

if the M+ peak is odd

nitrogen is present

in HNMR a carboxylic acid is show up between _____

10-12 ppm

in HNMR a aldehyde will show up between_____

0-10 ppm

in HNMR an arene ring will show up between _____

6.5-8.5 ppm