Bio 20 IB: Chapter 3

Abiotic factors

Anything non living

Biotic factors

Anything living

Ecologists

Scientist that study interactions of organisms and their environment, to determine how environment impacts their behaviour/physical features

Why do ecologist study abiotic factors

To determine how they impact organisms, such as why they are located in certain areas

species

Organisms that breed with one another and produce fertile offspring

Population

Same species living in a specific area at the same time.

How do abiotic factors change populations

Their changes can determine the size of the population, abundance, and rate of their changes, as well at relative amounts of male/females

Community

Groups of indidvudlals populations of species that interact with each other, fully biotic

Community ecologist

Study interactions among members of different populations to see how their interactions impact structure of the community

What are the main interactions that impact communities

differences, competition, and symbiotic relations

Examples of abiotic changes that impact populations

natural disasters, inadequate amount of nutrients

Ecosystems

Community of populations with abiotic factors that surround and impact it.

Example of an ecosystem

Biosphere

Largest ecosystem and its characteristics

Contains all life on earth, as well as its abiotic factors

How are populations distributed

To find environments with their ideal biotic/abiotic components

Typical abiotic factors

Producers supply, heat, moisture, protection from higher-level consumers, adequate sunlight, soil, weather changes

Taxonomy

Practice of classifying loving things, this organizes 10 to 10 million species in the world

Who presented the earliest classification over 2000 years ago

Aristotle and he classified them into plants and animals, with limited differences

How did the microscope aid classification

Provided the 3rd kingdom, Protista as it found microorganisms

Domain

Broadest category of classification

How is domain broken down

Based on cellular composition..pro vs. Eukaryotic

Bacteria/archea

Smallest and simplest types of cells without a nucleus

Eukarya characteristics

Eukaryotic, unicellular or multicellular organisms that has a membrane bound nucleus. Sexually reproduces with diverse phenotypes and nutrition. It’s flagella have 9 + 2 organization

Bacteria characteristics

Prokaryotic unicellular organisms that lack membrane bound nucleus. They reproduce asexually.moved by flagella

When are bacteria heterotrophs /autotroph?

Heterotroph: by absorption

Autotroph: by chemosynthesis/photosynthesis

Archea

prokaryotic cells that lack membrane brain nucleus and reproduce asexually. They contain unique RNA base sequence, with distinct plasma membrane, and cell wall chemistry

what do archaea primarily do as autotrophs

Chemosynthesis

6 kingdoms of life

2nd largest classify that is based on nodes of nutrition, mobility and multicellular

Group after kingdoms

Phylums

What group is after phylums

Class

How are the smaller groups of classification formed

Based on morphological structures

Climate

Weather conditions in a particular region over long period of time, typically 30 or more years

What factors determine climate

Temperature and precipitation

How does temperature impact climate

Unequal heating that controls air/water movement and what interacts with them. Causing formation of various rain patterns

Precipitation and its impact climate

Influenced by soil from different regions, as well as topography, altitude, latitude, and temperature. Also impacts what producers can form and consumers that may eat them.

Aquatic biomes

Wetlands, estuaries, intertidal zones, rivers, sea, lakes

terrestrial biomes

Tundra, taiga, deciduous forest, grassland, desert, tropical rainforest

Habitat

Abiotic/biotic factors are required to nurture organisms with compatible physical, physiological, and behaviour adaptions within their environment. Can be spread over a large area or separate locations

Range

Area where populations/species are located

Ecological niche

Role a species plays in its community, determines by environmental factors

Limiting factors

Factors that limit the size and distribution of a population

Abiotic limiting factors

Determine how surrounding environment matures and impacts organisms.

Main abiotic limiting factor

Soil type, moisture, and humidity levels/temperature

Main biotic limiting factor

Competition, predators, parasites

Competition

Fighting for resources such as food, water, sunlight, soil nutrients, shelter and mates

results of competition

Extinction/disappearance from that area

Parasites

they consume nutrient from the host and harm them. Increasing host populations increases parasites