AP Psychology Unit 1

The __ lobe controls decision making, planning, judgment, personality, and voluntary movement.

Frontal Lobe

The __ lobe processes touch, temperature, and pain.

Parietal Lobe

The __ lobe is responsible for vision and processes visual information.

Occipital Lobe

The __ lobe is responsible for hearing, memory, and language comprehension.

Temporal Lobe

__ Area controls speech production; damage causes broken, halting speech.

Broca’s

__ Area controls language comprehension; damage causes meaningless, fluent speech.

Wernicke’s

The __ connects the left and right brain hemispheres.

Corpus Callosum

The __ coordinates balance, posture, and fine motor movement.

Cerebellum

The __ controls heart rate, breathing, and vital life functions.

Medulla

The __ regulates sleep and facial movements.

Pons

The __ controls alertness and arousal; filters incoming stimuli.

Reticular Formation

The __ is the brain’s sensory relay station for all senses except smell.

Thalamus

The __ regulates hunger, thirst, body temperature, and sexual behavior.

Hypothalamus

The __ forms new memories; damage leads to difficulty creating new long-term memories.

Hippocampus

The __ is involved in emotion, especially fear and aggression.

Amygdala

An __ measures electrical activity of the brain using electrodes on the scalp.

EEG (Electroencephalogram)

A __ shows brain structure through a 3-D X-ray.

CT/CAT Scan

An __ uses magnetic fields to show detailed brain structure.

MRI

An __ measures brain activity and structure by tracking blood flow.

fMRI

A __ measures brain activity by tracking radioactive glucose use.

PET Scan

NREM-1 Sleep is characterized by light sleep and __ waves.

theta

NREM-2 Sleep features __ spindles and is deeper sleep.

sleep

NREM-3 Sleep involves __ waves and is the deepest sleep stage.

delta

__ Sleep is known for vivid dreaming and active brain while the body is paralyzed.

REM

__ Sleep is called paradoxical because the brain is active while the body is paralyzed.

Paradoxical

The __ regulates the 24-hour biological clock.

suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in the hypothalamus

Sleep __ leads to fatigue, poor memory, and irritability.

Deprivation

__ occurs when REM sleep increases after deprivation of it.

REM Rebound

__ involves difficulty falling or staying asleep.

Insomnia

__ is characterized by sudden, uncontrollable sleep attacks.

Narcolepsy

__ results in breathing stopping during sleep and causes snoring.

Sleep Apnea

__ are sudden fear or screaming during NREM-3, with no memory afterward.

Night Terrors

__ involves performing actions while asleep during NREM-3.

Sleepwalking (Somnambulism)

Freud’s Wish-Fulfillment Theory suggests that dreams express __ desires.

unconscious

The __ Theory states that dreams are the brain’s attempt to make sense of random neural firing.

Activation-Synthesis

The __ Theory posits that dreams help process and store daily experiences.

Information-Processing

The __ Theory suggests dreams preserve and strengthen neural pathways.

Physiological Function

The __ Theory of Sleep explains that sleep conserves energy and keeps us safe at night.

Evolutionary

The __ Theory of Sleep suggests sleep restores the body and brain.

Restorative

__ is the process of detecting physical energy from the environment.

Sensation

__ is the process of organizing and interpreting sensory information.

Perception

__ refers to the conversion of sensory energy into neural impulses.

Transduction

The __ is the smallest detectable stimulus at least 50% of the time.

Absolute Threshold

The __ Threshold is the smallest detectable change between two stimuli.

Difference (Just Noticeable Difference)

__ Law states that the JND is a constant proportion of the original stimulus.

Weber’s

__ is decreased sensitivity to a constant, unchanging stimulus.

Sensory Adaptation

__ are photoreceptors for black, white, and gray vision in low light.

Rods

__ are photoreceptors that detect color and detail in bright light.

Cones

__ detectors are neurons that respond to specific features like shape or movement.

Feature

The __ Theory states that three types of cones combine to produce all colors.

Trichromatic

The __-Process Theory suggests color vision is controlled by opposing pairs.

Opponent

The __ is a coiled structure in the inner ear where sound waves are transduced.

Cochlea

__ Theory states different pitches trigger activity at places along the cochlea.

Place

__ Theory claims the rate of neural impulses matches the frequency for low pitches.

Frequency

__ is the sense of smell that bypasses the thalamus.

Olfaction

__ Control Theory suggests pain can be blocked by competing sensory input.

Gate

The __ is the sense of balance and body orientation located in the inner ear.

Vestibular Sense

The __ sense provides information about body position and movement.

Kinesthetic