APUSH UNIT 2 - Colonial America

How did the French organize their colonies?

Began in Quebec, scattered trading posts, commonly intermarried, peaceful

Who cooperated with the French trade?

Ojibwe Indians prepared beaver skins for French in return for manufactured items

How did the Dutch organize their colonies?

Centered around Hudson River, fur trading center, mostly Protestant, fairly peaceful

How did the British organize their colonies broadly?

Colonized for land and economics as well as religious freedom/better living conditions

How did the British organize Jamestown (Chesapeake Region)?

Founded by Joint-Stock, disease/famine killed many, succeeded once discovered Tobacco, used Indentured Servants

What was Bacon’s Rebellion?

Led poor farmers & indentured servants to attack Natives, turned against plantations too, resulted in need to be more dependent on Slavery

How were New England colonies organized?

Settled by pilgrims, based on family economy and Christianity, eventually successful via agriculture and commerce

How were British West Indies/Southern Atlantic Coast colonies organized?

Warm climate for year-round tobacco/sugarcane, large demand for African slaves, copied by Carolinas

How were colonies in New York/New Jersey organized?

Diverse, lots of water sources, export economy, struggled w/ class inequality

How were colonies in Pennsylvania organized?

Quakers: religious freedom, farming land obtained by negotiation, democratic, self-governing, dominated by elite classes

What was the Mayflower Compact (Pennsylvania)?

Organized government based on church congregation

What was the House of Burgesses (Virginia)?

Representative assembly to levy taxes and pass laws

What was the Triangular Trade?

New England would carry rum to Africa, Africa gave them Slaves, Slaves sent to West Indies and traded for sugar cane, sugar used for rum

What were the navigation acts?

Forced colonies to ONLY trade goods w/ Europe and through certain ports for taxation = extreme wealth for upper class

Where were slaves dispositioned in the colonies?

New England had LESS, Southern/Chesapeake had MORE

What are Slave Codes?

Defined them as Chattel, generational institution

How did slaves resist covertly?

Destroyed seed, preserved cultures/beliefs, broke tools, faked illness

How did slaves resist overtly?

Stono Rebellion: stole weapons, killed owners, marched down Stono river as they burned plantations/killed whites

What was Metacom’s War?

British encroached upon lands, believed it would destroy their culture, Wampanoag Indias allied and attacked settlements around New England

• Mohawks allied w/ British, killed Metacom

What was the enlightenment?

Emphasized rational thinking, popular among elite, spread via print culture, emphasized natural rights, social contract, and checks/balances

What are natural rights?

John Locke, idea that individuals possess fundamental rights because theyre human

What are Checks and Balances?

Government branches meant to distribute power events and keep it in “Check” (executive, legislative, judicial)

What is the Social Contract?

Agreement where citizens agree to give up some of their freedoms in exchange for government protection

Who were the New Light Clergy & what did they do?

Protestants that preached against enlightenment - levelled out religion vs. rational populations in society

What was The Great Awakening?

Huge spread of Christianity among all of the colonies?

Who were two important figures in The Great Awakening?

Jonathon Edwards & George Whitfield — unified Americans under Christianty

What is Anglicization?

Becoming more English-like, promoted autonomous political communities

What is Impressment?

The seizing of colonial men and forcing them to serve in the Navy

What is the time period of this unit?

1607-1754