Science 6 - Chapter 6

Plants

Which type of plants have groups of tubelike structures in the stem that transport food, water, and nutrients to all parts of the plant?

vascular

Which type of plants grow larger than nonvascular plants?

vascular

Which type of plants do not have tubelike structures?

nonvascular

Which type of plants absorb water and nutrients through leaves?

nonvascular

Which type of plants have rootlike structures called rhizoids?

nonvascular

Which type of plants include mosses and liverworts?

nonvascular

Which type of plants have underground stems called rhizomes?

seedless vascular

Which type of plants include ferns, horsetails, and club mosses?

seedless vascular

Which type of plants do not have flowers?

gymnosperms

Which type of plants produce seeds in cones?

gymnosperms

Which type of plants include cycads, ginkgoes, gnetophytes, and conifers?

gymnosperms

Which type of plants produce flowers?

angiosperms

Which type of plants has fruit that protects its seed(s)?

angiosperms

Which type of plants are seed-bearing vascular?

vascular, nonvascular, gymnosperms and angiosperms

have tall, hallow, jointed stems

horsetails

have leafy branches called fronds

ferns

can resemble small evergreen trees; often called ground pines

club mosses

almost are all evergreen and have needleslike leaves

conifers

coiled-up fronds of ferns

fiddleheads

What contains the embryo of a new plant?

the seed

What is the easiest way to identify a conifer?

look at its leaves

What protects the pine tree from diseases and insects when one of its branches is broken?

resin

angiosperms that can live for three or more years

perennials

angiosperms that live for two growing seasons to fully develop

biennials

angiosperms that live for only one growing season

annuals

tiny seed leaves of the plant embryo

cotyledons

shortened name for monocotyledons

monocot

shortened name for dicotyledons

dicots

What is the seed structure for monocotyledons?

one cotyledon (“mono” = one)

What is the seed structure for dicotyledons?

two cotyledons

How is the stem’s vascular structure arranged in a monoctyledon?

in bundles

How is the stem’s vascular structure arranged in a cotyledon?

in a circle

What is the characteristics of the leav’s veins in a monocotyledon?

arranged parallel

What is the characteristics of the leaves’ veins in a dicotyledon?

it has branching veins

What type of root does a monocotyledon have?

fibrous

What type of roots does a dicotyledon have?

taproots

How many groups of petals are in a monocotyledon?

groups of 3 or 6

How many groups of petals are in a dicotyledon?

groups of 4 or 5

products made from angiosperms

coffee, hot chocolate, cola, medicine, rubber, cork, rope, chewing gum

Many flowers and vegetables have what type of stems?

soft green herbaceous stems

the grouping of tubes that carry water and food to all parts of the plant

a vascular bundle

carry water and minerals from the roots to the top of the plant

xylem tubes

carry sugars and food through the plant

phloem tubes

has cells that divide and reproduce to make more xylem and phloem, allowing the tree to grow wider each year

cambium

a fibrous root that generally grows straight down

taproot

roots that never touch the soil

aerial roots

roots that spread out in all directions near the top of the soil

fibrous roots

the first root that emerges from the seed

primary root

What can you learn about a tree by looking at its rings?

how old the tree is, how much water the tree received each year, the climate, the general health of the tree

Identify two important jobs of stems

Stems provide support to hold plants upright, and they provide the transportation system for food, water, and minerals

Why would plants such as mosses and ferns in tropical rainforests grow larger than similar plants in Canada?

The plants are very dependent on easily accessible water. The answer may also include that the warmer climate allows the plants to grow year-round.

Your mother really likes a spruce for the family Christmas tree. Your dad has given your older brother and you the task of choosing one this year. How can you be certain to choose a spruce and not a pine or fir?

Look at the needles. The needles of pines grow in bundles. The needles of firs are flat and flexible, and each is attached directly to a branch. The needles of a spruce are stiff, prickly, and four sided. Each is attached to the branch with a woody peg.

Your little sister just opened a packet of bean seeds. She discovered that they have two parts, so she broke them apart. She said she did it so that twice as many bean plants will grow. Will her idea work?

Breaking the seeds in half will not work because a dicot needs both cotyledons to sprout.

A new road cut through the mountains is almost finished. The highway crew is planting a ground cover along a section of the steep bank rising above the road. The plants chosen for this project all have fibrous roots. Why do you think they chose plants with fibrous roots?

The roots grow near the surface of the soil. The many thin roots can better hold soil in place. Fibrous roots help prevent soil erosion.