History Assessment-Task 1-2026

Cholera : A deadly disease caused by bacteria that spreads through contaminated water and causes severe diarrhoea and dehydration

Vibrio cholerae : The bacteria that causes cholera

Cause of Cholera Spread : Drinking water contaminated with infected human waste

Symptoms of Cholera : Severe diarrhoea, dehydration, and possible death if untreated

John Snow : A doctor who proved cholera spread through contaminated water, not bad air

1854 Cholera Outbreak : A deadly outbreak in London that killed over 600 people

Broad Street Pump : The water source linked to the cholera outbreak that John Snow shut down

Miasma Theory : The belief that disease was caused by “bad air”

John Snow’s Discovery : Cholera spreads through contaminated water, not air

Significance of John Snow : Helped develop modern public health and sanitation systems

🌾 AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION

Agricultural Revolution : A period of improved farming methods that increased food production

Crop Rotation : Growing different crops in sequence to improve soil fertility

Impact of Agricultural Revolution : Population growth and movement of people to cities

🏭 INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

Industrial Revolution : The shift from hand-made goods to machine production in factories

Cottage Industry : Home-based production where families made goods using simple tools

Factory System : Production moved to large factories using machines

Urbanisation : Movement of people from rural areas to cities

👶 CHILD LABOUR

Child Labour : The employment of children in factories and mines

Why Children Were Hired : Cheap, obedient, and small enough for dangerous tasks

Factory Conditions : Long hours, loud noise, dangerous machines, and poor air quality

Mine Conditions : Dark, cramped, dangerous with risks like flooding and explosions

Trapper : A child who opened and closed doors for air flow in mines

Putter : A child who pushed heavy coal carts in mines

Impact on Children : Injuries, disease, exhaustion, and lack of education

⚖️ CHILD LABOUR REFORMS

Factory Act 1802 : Limited children to 12 working hours per day

Factory Act 1833 : Set minimum working age and required some schooling

Mines Act 1842 : Banned women and children from working underground

Ten Hours Act 1847 : Limited work to 10 hours per day

Reason Child Labour Declined : Laws, education, and changing attitudes

⛓️ TRANS-ATLANTIC SLAVE TRADE

Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade : The forced movement of Africans to the Americas for labour

Start of Slave Trade : 1441

Abolition in Britain : 1807

End of Slavery USA : 1865

🔺 TRIANGULAR TRADE

Triangular Trade : A three-stage trade route between Europe, Africa, and the Americas

Stage 1 : Goods from Europe traded for enslaved people in Africa

Stage 2 (Middle Passage) : Enslaved Africans transported to the Americas

Stage 3 : Plantation goods sent back to Europe

Middle Passage : The brutal journey across the Atlantic where many enslaved people died

🌱 PLANTATION LIFE

Plantation : A large farm where crops like sugar and cotton were grown

Field Work : Labour-intensive work planting and harvesting crops

House Slave : Enslaved person working inside the owner’s home

Living Conditions : Small huts, poor food, and overcrowding

Slave Codes : Laws that restricted the freedom of enslaved people