AP World History - Unit 6 Vocabulary APWH

Globalization

growth to a worldwide scale

Psychology

Scientific study of behavior and mental processes

Global Warming

An increase in the average temperature of the earth's atmosphere.

environmentalism

A social movement dedicated to protecting the earth's life support systems

Green Revolution

Agricultural revolution that increased production through improved seeds, fertilizers, and irrigation; helped to support rising Asian populations.

Vaccines

a disabled or destroyed pathogen used to stimulate a long-term immune defense against the pathogen.

Indian National Congress

A movement and political party founded in 1885 to demand greater Indian participation in government.

Mohandas Gandhi

Great leader from India who used non-violence to protest for independence, gender equity, and peaceful conflict resolution

Salt March

passive resistance campaign of Mohandas Gandhi where many Indians protested the British tax on salt by marching to the sea to make their own salt.

Civil disobedience

A group's refusal to obey a law because they believe the law is immoral

Ho Chi Minh

Communist leader of North Vietnam

Communism

A political system in which the government owns all property and dominates all aspects of life in a country.

Pan-Arabanism

The unity of Arabs to decolonize and form new nations (?)

Pan-Africanism

A movement that stressed unity among all Africans

Zionism

A movement to create a Jewish homeland in Palestine

Israeli-Palestinian Conflict

Conflict over landownership in Israel/Palestine by Jews & Muslims

Migration

Form of relocation diffusion involving permanent move to a new location.

Holocaust

A large-scale destruction, especially by fire; a vast slaughter; a burnt offering

Armenian Genocide

After the Armenians rise up against the Ottomans the Ottomans massacre and deports the Armenians. 1 million die.

Rwandan Genocide

Hutus attacked Tutsis

Palestinians

Arabs who lived in the area formely called Palestine, now Israel.

Darfurians

people who suffered through Darfur Genocide

Gurkha Soldiers

A member of the Nepalese force that has been part of the British army for 200 years; known for fierceness in combat.

NATO

North Atlantic Treaty Organization; an alliance made to defend one another if they were attacked by any other country; US, England, France, Canada, Western European countries

Cold War

A conflict that was between the US and the Soviet Union. The nations never directly confronted each other on the battlefield but deadly threats went on for years. Political and economic struggle.

Containment

American policy of resisting further expansion of communism around the world

Truman Doctrine

1947 - Stated that the U.S. would support any nation threatened by Communism.

Nuremburg Trials

former Nazi leaders were charged with crimes against peace, crimes against humanity, and war crimes

League of Nations

An organization of nations formed after World War I to promote cooperation and peace.

Trench Warfare

A form of warfare in which opposing armies fight each other from trenches dug in the battlefield.

Wilson's 14 Points

Woodrow Wilson's plan for post-war peace: no secret treaties; freedom of the seas; removal of economic barriers; reduction of arms; adjust colonial claims.

Treaty of Versailles

Treaty that ended WWI. It blamed Germany for WWI and handed down harsh punishment.

Demilitarization

reducing reliance on the military to ensure peace

Self-Determination

The ability of a government to determine their own course of their own free will

Central Powers

A military alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire.

Allies

Composed of France, Britain, and Russia, and later Japan and Italy, fought the Central Powers in World War I.

Total War

A conflict in which the participating countries devote all their resources to the war effort

Propaganda

Ideas spread to influence public opinion for or against a cause.

Reparations

Germany was ordered to pay fines to the Allies to repay the costs of the war.

World War I

(1914 - 1918) European war in which the Allies of Great Britain, France, Russia, Italy, and the United States defeated the Central Powers of Germany, Austria-Hungary, Turkey, and Bulgaria. "the Great War"

World War II

War fought Between Axis powers (Germany, Italy, Japan) and Allied Powers (U.S., France, U.S.S.R., and U.K.)

Winston Churchill

A noted British statesman who led Britain throughout most of World War II

Isolationism

A national policy of avoiding involvement in world affairs

Munich Conference

meeting with France, Great Britain, Italy and Germany where Great Britain and France allowed Nazi Germany to incorporate part of Czechloslovakia in return for promise that Germany would not expand Germany's territory any further.

Rape of Nanjing

Japanese attack on Chinese capital from 1937-1938 when Japanese aggressorts slaughtered 100,000 civilians and raped thousands of women in order to gain control of China

Atomic Bomb

Two atomic bombs were dropped on Japan (Hiroshima and Nagasaki) which forced Japan to surender and ended WWII.

Decolonization

The collapse of colonial empires. Between 1947 and 1962, practically all former colonies in Asia and Africa gained independence.

Chiang Kai-Shek

General and leader of Nationalist China after 1925. Became a military dictator whose major goal was to crush the communist movement led by Mao Zedong.

Great Depression

(1929-1939) The dramatic decline in the world's economy due to the United State's stock market crash of 1929, the overproduction of goods from World War I, and decline in the need for raw materials from non industrialized nations.

African National Congress

An organization dedicated to obtaining equal voting and civil rights for black inhabitants of South Africa.

Nelson Mandela

African National Congress leader imprisoned by Afrikaner regime; released in 1990 and elected as president of South Africa in 1994.

Apartheid

A South African policy of complete legal separation of the races, including the banning of all social contacts between blacks and whites.

Martin Luther King

opposed discrimination against blacks by organizing nonviolent resistance and peaceful mass demonstrations.

Totalitarianism

A form of government in which the ruler is an absolute dictator

Lenin

(1870-1924), the main leader of Russia's communist revolution and head of the Soviet state from 1917 until his death.

Stalin

Dictator of the Soviet Union; led the SU through World War II

Stalin's Great Purge

main enemies were his political opponents and their followers. (?)

Russian Revolution of 1917

Consisted of strikes by urban workers and widespread insurrections among the peasantry in Russia

Bolsheviks

A group of revolutionary Russian Marxists who took control of Russia's government in November 1917

Non-Aligned Movement

During the cold war, this movement was led by India and Yugoslavia to stand apart from the U.S.-Soviet rivalry.

Mao Zedong

Leader of the Communist Party in China. Established China as the People's Republic of China and ruled from 1949 until 1976.

Al-Qaeda

Islamist terrorist organization that launched a series of attacks against U.S.

Dada

art movement that rejected all traditional conventions and believed there was no sense or truth in the world

Five Year Plans

Plans that Joseph Stalin introduced to industrialize the Soviet Union rapidly

Great Leap Forward

Mao Zedong's second Five-Year Plan for China; its goal was to speed progress

New Deal

A plan by President Franklin Roosevelt intended to bring economic relief, recovery, and reforms to the country after the Great Depression.

FDR

The President of the United States during the Depression and WWII. He instituted the New Deal.

Hitler

German Nazi dictator during World War II (1889-1945), Nazi leader and founder; had over 6 million Jews assassinated during the Holocaust

Mussolini

- Fascist dictator of Italy

Fascism

A political system headed by a dictator that calls for EXTREME NATIONALISM and racism and no tolerance of opposition

Nazism

Adolf Hitler used fascism to create this type of government based on totalitarian ideas and was used to unite Germany during the 1930s.

Iranian Revolution of 1979

islamic fundamentalists that overthrew the iranian dictator

Ayatollah Khomeini

Islamic religious leader who led a fundamentalist revolution in Iran in 1979.

Kemal Ataturk

Founder of Modern Turkey

Ronald Reagan

Spoke for many who opposed any agreements with communists.

Reaganomics

The federal economic polices of the Reagan administration. Their goal was to reduce the size of the federal government and stimulate economic growth.

Marshall Plan

a United States program of economic aid for the reconstruction of Europe

Appeasement

Accepting demands in order to avoid conflict

Mao's Cultural Revolution

1966-1976, uprising in China led by the Red Guards, with the goal of establishing a society of peasants and workers in which all were equal

United Nations Criminal Court

an organization of independent states formed in 1945 to promote international peace and security

International Monetary Fund

a United Nations agency to promote trade by increasing the exchange stability of the major currencies

World Trade Organization

An international agency which encourages trade between member nations, administers global trade agreements and resolves disputes when they arise.

European Union

An international organization of European countries formed after World War II to reduce trade barriers and increase cooperation among its members

Earth Day

A day created in 1970 about celebrating and caring for the Earth.

Universal Declaration of Human Rights

A 1948 statement in which the United Nations declared that all human beings have rights to life, liberty, and security

Negritude

An ideological position that holds African American culture to be independent and valid on its own terms.

Xenophobia

fear or hatred of foreigners

Race riots

rioting in major US. cities due to frustration of discrimination involving Dr. Martin Luther King

Fundamentalist Movements

began as a millitant reaction to liberal protestantism and to developments in modern science and historical study of bible (?)

Cricket

a game played with a ball and bat by two teams of 11 players