Exam 3
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61 Terms
Define electrical vector?
direction of depol wave travel
What is the mean electrical vector, and what way does it normally point?
sum of all individual vectors, points down and to the left
What leads do we use to find the quadrant for axis?
Lead I and aVF
What lead definitions define extreme RAD?
negative in I and aVF
What lead definitions define RAD?
negative in lead I and positive in lead aVF
What lead definitions define LAD?
positive in lead I and negative in lead aVF
What lead definitions define normal?
positive in both lead I and aVF
What axis quadrant?
normal
What axis quadrant?
RAD
What quadrant?
LAD
Which leads measure horizontal axis?
chest leads
What does horizontal axis measure?
chest lead progression/rotation in the horizontal plane
When does normal chest lead transition occur?
in V3/V4
What is Rightward rotation?
CCW; early transition seen in V1/V2
What is Leftward Rotation?
CW; late transition seen in leads V5/V6
Axis rotation?
normal range, iso in V4
Axis rotation?
CCW/Early/Right; iso in V1
Axis rotation?
CW/Late/Left; iso in V5
Lead A?
aVR
Lead B?
aVL
Lead C?
Lead I
Lead D?
Lead II
Lead E?
Lead aVF
Lead F?
III
Which lead is used to identify hypertrophy for all 4 chambers?
V1
What does the P wave look like normally in lead V1?
small biphasic; RA-initial (+) then LA-terminal (-) component
What leads are used to ID Atrial Hypertrophy?
V1 and II
What is the official name for RAH?
P pulmonale
What’s the official name for LAH?
P mitrale
What lead deflections are characteristic of RAH?
observe the P waves: a larger initial (+) in V1, tall/peaked in II. (P wave height >2.5 mm)
What lead deflections are characteristic of LAH?
observe the P waves: a larger terminal (-) in V1 (>0.04s), wide/notched in II (>0.12s)observe the P waves: a larger initial (+) in V1, tall/peaked in II. (P wave height >2.5 mm)
What type of hypertrophy is this?
RAH
What type of hypertrophy?
RAH
What type of hypertrophy is this?
LAH
What type of hypertrophy?
LAH
In general, what is characteristic of RVH?
R wave dominant V1, Large R wave V1>V2>V3
What are the 3 RSS criteria for RVH?
V1: R>5mm, V1: R>S (R/S ratio), V5: S>5mm
2 or more criteria must be present to consider RVH
What type of hypertrophy?
RVH
What type of hypertrophy?
RVH
In general, what’s characteristic of LVH?
normal chest lead progression, but with abnormally large amplitudes
How to accurately assess for LVH?
add S wave in V1/V2 + R wave in V5/V6, if the sum us >35mm (35 small boxes, 7 big boxes) it’s LVH
What type of hypertrophy is this?
LVH
What does this depict?
asymmetric T wave inversion: VH-associated finding
What’s characteristic of VH with strain?
asymmetric T wave inversion, J point below baseline, ST descending slope / humped.
What type of hypertrophy?
RVH wuth RV Strain (sloped/humped ST depression with asymmetric T wave inversions
What type of hypertrophy?
LVH with LV Strain
What is the infarction triad?
ischemia (low blood flow), Injury (acute infarction), Necrosis (dead tissue)