GD - LEADERSHIP

Leadership

Guidance of others in the pursuit of individual and collective goals, often by directing, coordinating, motivating, supporting, and unifying their efforts.

Task leadership

Focuses on the group’s work and its goals.

Relationship leadership

Focuses on the interpersonal relationships within groups.

Leader substitutes theory

A conceptual analysis of the factors that reduce or eliminate the need for a leader (substitutes) or prevent the leader from dispatching his or her responsibilities (neutralizers).

Great leader theory

Successful leaders possess certain characteristics that mark them for greatness, and such great leaders shape the course of history.

Zeitgeist theory

History is determined primarily by the “spirit of the times” rather than by the actions and choices of great leaders.

Narcissism

THE DARK TRIAD

Have inflated views of their self-worth; they tend to exaggerate their achievements, block criticism, refuse to compromise, and seek out attention and recognition from others.

Machiavellianism

THE DARK TRIAD

Endorse using manipulative tactics in dealing with other people and espouse a cynical view of human nature.

Psychopathy

THE DARK TRIAD

Lack concern for other people and social regulatory mechanisms, so they tend to act impulsively without full consideration of the consequences of their choices.

General Mental Ability

The hallmarks of ________________________________ are abstract thinking, the ability to manipulate the environment, and foresight.

Emotional Intelligence

The ability to perceive emotions in self and others; to understand how emotions blend, unfold, and influence cognition and behavior; to use emotions to facilitate thinking; and to manage emotions in self and others.

Practical and Creative Intelligence

Leaders have the “know how” needed for success in the given situation, and they are sufficiently skilled to convince others to follow their recommendations.

Expertise

Groups are more accepting of leaders who have previously demonstrated task ability and are more willing to follow a task-competent person's directions than an incompetent person.

Implicit Leadership Theory

Group members take for granted assumptions about the traits, characteristics, and qualities that distinguish leaders from the people they lead. Also known as leader prototypes.

Social Identity Theory

Recognizes that leadership is fundamentally a group-level process. Predicts that when group members share a social identity, they will favor individuals in the group who best represent that identity.

Social Role Theory

Group members have definite expectations about what kind of qualities are needed in a person who will fill the role of a leader. These expectations tend to emphasize the agentic, task-oriented side of leadership rather than the communal and interpersonal.

Terror Management Theory

Assumes that humans, perhaps uniquely, are aware that someday their earthly existence will come to an end.

Evolutionary Theory

Evolutionary psychology suggests that leadership is an adaptation: a heritable characteristic that developed in a population over a long period.

Autocratic leadership

One person makes choices for the entire group, with no input from other individuals or groups.

Authoritarian leadership

Characterized by an extremely dominating approach to leading others.

Participative leadership

Engage their team members in the decision-making process.

Democratic leadership

Create an environment of free communication in which team members may express their thoughts and ideas.

Task-oriented leader

Stressed setting difficult but achievable goals, strategic planning, and initiating structure.

Relationship-oriented leader

Communicates with compassion, respect, trust, and confidence in others.