ALP LEC Part 3

Two types of GALLSTONES

Cholesterol stones (>90%)

Pigment stones

Composed mainly of cholesterol monohydrate

Cholesterol stones (>90%)

Present if there is too much cholesterol than phospholipids and bile acids

Cholesterol stones (>90%)

Composed mainly of calcium bilirubinate

Pigment stones

Two Types of Pigment stones

Brown pigment stones

Black pigment stones

Common in patients with insoluble unconjugated bilirubin

Brown pigment stones

Common in patients with chronic hemolytic conditions with increased conjugated bilirubin

Black pigment stones

What are the Bone Disorders of ALP?

Paget’s Disease (osteitis deformans)

Osteomalacia and rickets

Hyperparathyroidism

Osteosarcoma

Gain in bone mass (disordered/unsound new bone)

Paget’s Disease (osteitis deformans)

Lack of vitamin D/weak and soft bones

Osteomalacia and rickets

Causes high calcium level

Hyperparathyroidism

Malignant bone tumor

Osteosarcoma

Normal Pregnancy increases ALP how many times the ULN?

Increased ALP (2-3 times ULN)

Increased ALP in Pregnancy can be detected between weeks ___________ and persists until the onset of labor

16 and 20

What is Eclampsia and Pre-Eclampsia?

Decreased ALP is observed in hypophosphatasia. (Y/N)

Yes.

An inborn error of metabolism that causes impaired calcification of bones and teeth

Hypophosphatasia

Defect in the ALPL gene that encodes for ALP isoenzymes (kidney, liver, bone)

Hypophosphatasia