Chapter 11 — Molecular Shapes / VSEPR
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15 Terms
Main VSEPR idea
Electron groups repel and arrange themselves as far apart as possible. Electron groups include:
lone pairs
single bonds
double bonds
triple bonds
What is the electron-group geometry for 2 electron groups?
Linear, 180°
What is the electron-group geometry for 3 electron groups?
Trigonal planar, 120°
What is the electron-group geometry for 4 electron groups?
Tetrahedral, 109.5°
What is the electron-group geometry for 5 electron groups?
Trigonal bipyramidal
What is the electron-group geometry for 6 electron groups?
Octahedral
Molecular geometry vs electron geometry
Electron geometry counts all electron groups
Molecular geometry looks only at atom positions.
Effect of Lone Pairs
Lone pairs repel more strongly than bonding pairs, so they compress bond angles.
Repulsion strength:
lone pair-lone pair > lone pair-bond pair > bond pair-bond pair
What is the shape for 4 electron groups with 4 bonding and 0 lone pairs?
Tetrahedral
What is the shape for 4 electron groups with 3 bonding and 1 lone pair?
Trigonal pyramidal
What is the shape for 4 electron groups with 2 bonding and 2 lone pairs?
Bent
What is the shape for 3 electron groups with 3 bonding and 0 lone pairs?
Trigonal planar
What is the shape for 3 electron groups with 2 bonding and 1 lone pair?
Bent
What is the base arrangement for 5 electron groups?
Trigonal bipyramidal
What are the positions in a trigonal bipyramidal arrangement?
Axial and equatorial positions