pharma 1 lec Pharmacognosy ​

supplement or medication for anemia

Iron/Ferrous Sulfate

medication for hyperacidity - Aluminum Hydroxide and Magnesium Hydroxide (Kremil-S) 

Antacid

Example of Minerals

• Iron

• Antacid

________ is derived from the pancreas of pigs

Insulin

(anticoagulant) is derived from the blood (Buffy coat) of cattle 

Heparin

study of the sources of drugs​ (materials)

Pharmacognosy

In pharmacognosy, animals produce drugs like _____

Insulin and Heparin

Basic ____________ that are soluble in alcohol and some other organic solvents but are insoluble in H2O.​

nitrogenous substances

If the molecule contains O2 alkaloid exist as _______

(white solid) morphine, atropine, pilocarpine, strychnine)​

If there is no O2 they are ______

liquid (nicotine)​

Treatment of an alkaloid with acid will produce H2O, thereby _________

soluble salt (morphine SO4)​

Alkaloids are precipitated by salts of ________. This is important to avoid incompatibilities in the drug mixture for the treatment of alkaloid toxicosis.​

heavy metals, iodine and tannic acid

______ can be given orally the precipitate that alkaloid thereby reduce or prevent their absorption.​

Tannic acid

Various ____combine with the organic  structure through an ether linkage

sugars

The link of each sugar is an ______

alcohol or an Ether

This compound is a neutral and will not form salts​

Glycosides

• Various sugars combine with the organic  structure through an ether linkage ​

• The link of each sugar is an alcohol or an Ether

• This compound is a neutral and will not form salts​

• Soluble in alcohol but not in H2O ​

Glycosides

Resin-like Substance formed by ______ produced by certain plants

polymerization of volatile oil

oil molecule will bind and become a binder/excipient (Sticky))

Pine Tree

In ____, It is not a drug but a component of an excipient

Resins

(sugars - sweet flavor; sticky substance) secreted by certain trees​

Polysaccharide

These are useful for stabilizing mixtures of other active drugs in liquid dosage form (Suspension).​

Gums

Non-nitrogenous substances that produce an astringent (precipitates oil) effect ​

Tannis

evaporated readily when exposed to air (turpentine, eucalyptus, peppermint, lavender)​

Volatile