Diseases of the Respiratory System

Strep throat (Pharyngitis) - causative agent

Streptococcus pyogenes

Strep throat (Pharyngitis) - transmission

Respiratory droplets

Strep throat (Pharyngitis) - symptoms

-tender tonsils  -white pus lesions  -ottits media -swollen lymph

Strep throat (Pharyngitis) - treatment

Penicillin

Strep throat (Pharyngitis) - prevention

Avoid contact and maintain good hygiene

Scarlet fever - causative agent

Streptococcus pyogenes (erythrogenic toxin)

Scarlet fever - transmission

Droplets

Scarlet fever - symptoms

-strawberry tongue

-rash

-pharagyngitis

Scarlet fever - treatment

Antibiotics

Scarlet fever - prevention

Same prevention as strep throat (avoid contact ,good hygine)

Diphtheria - causative agent

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

Diphtheria - transmission

Respiratory droplets

Diphtheria - symptoms

-sore throat

-pseudomembrane in throat

Diphtheria - treatment

Antitoxin + antibiotics

Diphtheria - prevention

DTaP vaccine

Otitis media - causative agents ???????????

Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, others

Otitis media - transmission

Often endogenous

Otitis media - symptoms

Ear pain and fever

Otitis media - treatment

Antibiotics

Otitis media - prevention

Pneumococcal vaccine

Common cold - causative agents

Rhinoviruses and coronaviruses

Common cold - transmission

Droplets and contact

Common cold - symptoms

-excessive mucus

-inflammation of mucous membranes

-sore throat

-headache

-cough

Common cold - treatment

Supportive care

Common cold - prevention

Good hygiene

Pertussis (Whooping cough) - causative agent

Bordetella pertussis

Pertussis (Whooping cough) - transmission

Respiratory droplets

Pertussis (Whooping cough) - symptoms

-violent coughing

- inspiratory "whoop"

Pertussis (Whooping cough) - treatment

Erythromycin

Pertussis (Whooping cough) - prevention

DTaP vaccine

Tuberculosis (TB) - causative agent

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Tuberculosis (TB) - microbe characteristic

Acid-fast bacterium

Tuberculosis (TB) - transmission

Airborne

Tuberculosis (TB) - symptoms

-chronic cough

-weight loss

-night sweats

-calcified lesions

Tuberculosis (TB) - treatment

RIPE multidrug therapy

Tuberculosis (TB) - prevention

BCG vaccine and screening

Pneumococcal pneumonia - causative agent

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Pneumococcal pneumonia - transmission

Respiratory droplets

Pneumococcal pneumonia - symptoms

-chest pain

-rust-colored

sputum

-cough

Pneumococcal pneumonia - treatment

Penicillin

Pneumococcal pneumonia - prevention

Pneumococcal vaccine

Mycoplasmal pneumonia (Walking pneumonia) - causative agent

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Mycoplasmal pneumonia (Walking pneumonia) - microbe characteristic

No cell wall

Mycoplasmal pneumonia (Walking pneumonia) - transmission

Respiratory droplets

Mycoplasmal pneumonia (Walking pneumonia) - symptoms

-low-grade fever -dry cough -ambulatory symptoms (walk/talk)

Mycoplasmal pneumonia (Walking pneumonia) - treatment

Tetracycline

Mycoplasmal pneumonia (Walking pneumonia) - prevention

Avoid close contact

Legionnaires' disease - causative agent

Legionella pneumophila

Legionnaires' disease - transmission

Inhalation of aerosols

Legionnaires' disease - symptoms

-high fever

-cough

-confusion

Legionnaires' disease - treatment

Erythromycin

Legionnaires' disease - prevention

Water system sanitation

Influenza (Flu) - causative agent

Influenza virus (A/B/C)

Influenza (Flu) - transmission

Droplets and contact

Influenza (Flu) - symptoms

-fever

-chills

-muscle aches

Influenza (Flu) - treatment

Oseltamivir (antiviral)

Influenza (Flu) - prevention

Annual vaccination

COVID-19 - causative agent

SARS-CoV-2

COVID-19 - transmission

Droplets and airborne spread

COVID-19 - symptoms

-dry cough

-shortness of breath

-loss of taste/smell

-pneumonia on x-ray

COVID-19 - treatment

Supportive care and antivirals

COVID-19 - prevention

Vaccination and masking

????RSV infection - causative agent

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)

RSV infection - transmission

Respiratory droplets

RSV infection - symptoms

Bronchiolitis in infants and cough

RSV infection - treatment

Supportive care

RSV infection - prevention

Hand hygiene and monoclonal antibodies in high-risk infants