Activity 4.2.1: Time to Digest Study Guide

A comprehensive set of fill-in-the-blank flashcards covering terminology, organ functions, and clinical interventions from the Time to Digest lecture notes.

The __________ is the continuous, muscular tube extending from the mouth to the anus where food is digested and nutrients are absorbed.

Gastrointestinal (GI) Tract

Organs such as the salivary glands, liver, and pancreas are known as __________ because they assist in digestion but are not part of the physical tube.

Accessory Organs

The physical breakdown of food, such as chewing or stomach churning, is called __________.

Mechanical Digestion

__________ describes the breakdown of large macromolecules into smaller monomers through the use of enzymes and acids.

Chemical Digestion

A specialized ring of muscle that regulates the flow of substances by constricting or relaxing is a(n) __________.

Sphincter

The wave-like, coordinated muscle contractions that push food forward through the digestive system are called __________.

Peristalsis

The semi-liquid, highly acidic mixture of partially digested food and gastric juices formed in the stomach is known as __________.

Chyme

__________ is a severe chronic motility disorder where the nerves or muscles of the gut do not work properly, mimicking a blockage.

Chronic Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction (CIP)

In the oral cavity, the chemical breakdown of carbohydrates begins with the enzyme __________.

Salivary amylase

The __________ is the muscular throat region where the swallowing reflex routes food down the esophagus.

Pharynx

In the stomach, the chemical __________ is responsible for denaturing proteins.

$$HCl$$

The __________ is the part of the small intestine that completes chemical digestion.

Duodenum

The small intestine is lined with microscopic __________ to increase surface area for nutrient and water absorption.

Villi

The __________ is responsible for reabsorbing water and salts and solidifying liquid waste into feces.

Large Intestine

The liver synthesizes __________, which is used to emulsify lipids and facilitate their breakdown.

Bile

The pancreas secretes digestive enzymes and __________ into the duodenum to neutralize stomach acid.

$$NaHCO_3$$

The three primary enzymes secreted by the pancreas include amylase, lipase, and __________.

Trypsin

The internal and external __________ of the muscular canal regulate the elimination of waste during defecation.

Sphincters

In the stomach, __________ are the folds that allow the organ to expand and churn food.

Rugae

A(n) __________ is a life-saving medical intervention that creates a stoma to alter the biological pathway of waste excretion.

Ostomy bag