Respiratory Pathology Definitions Only

Test knowledge of meaning of disease/disorder

Croup

Inflammation of the subglottic portion of the trachea causing obstruction

Epiglottitis

Inflammation of epiglottic tissue and pharyngeal structures that cover the trachea

Pneumothorax

air in the pleural cavity

Tension pneumothorax

air entering the pleural cavity without being able to leave

Pleural effusion

excess fluid accumulating in the pleural cavity

Hemothorax

blood in the pleural cavity

Empyema

infected pleural fluid in the pleural cavity

Pulmonary edema

the abnormal accumulation of fluid in the extravascular pulmonary tissues

Bronchial adenoma

neoplasm arising from mucous glands and ducts

Bronchogenic carcinoma

most common primary carcinoma of the lung that arises from the mucosal lining of the bronchi/segmental bronchi

Pulmonary metastases

secondary lung cancer found throughout the lungs

Chronic bronchitis

chronic inflammation of the bronchi leading to excessive tracheobronchial mucus

Emphysema

destruction of the alveoli/terminal bronchi which leads to increased volume of air in the lungs

Asthma

narrowing of the airways (chronic inflammation due to allergic response/other irritants

Bronchiectasis

irreversible weakening of the walls of the bronchus

Cystic fibrosis

hereditary disease involving excessive secretion from the exocrine glandular tissue

Hyaline membrane disease / IRDS

congenital disorder involving underdeveloped lungs and a lack of surfactant leading to under aerated lungs

Pneumonia

inflammation of the lungs due to a bacterial/viral/mycoplasma/fungal infection that results in accumulation of fluid within certain sections of the lungs

Aspiration pneumonia

aspiration of esophageal or stomach contents due to obstructions, neuro/muscular diseases, trauma, or anesthesia

Lung abscess

necrotic area of lung tissue containing purulent material

Tuberculosis

(primarily) a lung disease spread through droplets in the air from infected coughing PTs

Tuberculous pneumonia

necrosis of the lung parenchyma

Miliary tuberculosis

disease involving large numbers of bacteria spread throughout the bloodstream

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)

serious form of pneumonia that affects both lungs

Pulmonary emboli

formation/lodging of a blood clot in the pulmonary artery

Pulmonary infarct

necrosis in a part of a lung caused by an obstruction in a branch of a pulmonary artery

Atelectasis

partial/complete collapse of a lobe of lung due to diminished air in the lung

Adult respiratory distress syndrome

complete breakdown of the lung leading to a massive leak of cells and fluid into the interstitial and alveolar spaces, resulting in acute and severe respiratory distress

Intrabronchial foreign bodies

aspiration of solid foreign bodies into the bronchial tree

Subcutaneous emphysema

disorder involving air getting into tissues under the skin

Sunisitis

infection and inflammation of the sinuses