bio 182 mod 5

a nucleic acid in which each nucleotide has deoxyribose as its carbohydrate

DNA definition

a nucleic acid in which each nucleotide has ribose as its carbohydrate

RNA definition

a sequence of nitrogenous bases in DNA that codes for RNA

gene definition

a polymer of nucleotides

nucleic acid definition

Which components occur in a nucleotide (3)?

carb, nitrogenous base, phosphate group

a large molecule composed of one or more polymers of amino acids folded into a complex structure

protein definition

the process by which a cell uses information encoded in a gene to produce proteins

gene expression defintion

region 1?

Phosphate group

region 2?

deoxyribose

region 3?

nitrogenous base

consist(s) of a single polymer of nucleotides.

rna

consist(s) of two polymers of nucleotides arranged in a helix

dna

contain(s) nucleotides with deoxyribose sugars.

Dna

contain(s) nucleotides with ribose sugars

rna

_______ code(s) for a sequence of amino acids.

both dna and rna

a molecule of RNA that codes for a sequence of amino acids

mRNA

an enzyme that uses DNA to produce a molecule of RNA with a complementary sequence of nucleotides

RNA polymerase

a process in which an enzyme uses DNA to produce a molecule of RNA with a complementary sequence of nucleotides

transcription definition

After binding to a gene, a molecule of RNA polymerase unwinds the double helix of DNA, exposing its ________.

nitrogenous bases

During transcription, RNA polymerase enables a complementary _______ of RNA to bind to each nucleotide of DNA.

nucleotide

During transcription, the ______ end of a single nucleotide binds to the 3-prime end of a growing molecule of RNA.

5 prime

After transcription, a complete ______ is released by RNA polymerase and diffuses away from the DNA.

mRNA

c. a process by which a cell uses mRNA to produce a polymer of amino acids

translation defintion

d. a set of codons that correspond to the amino acids of protein

geentic code definition

complex of RNA and proteins that translates mRNA into a polymer of amino acids.

ribosome definition

During translation, ______ binds to a molecule of mRNA.

ribosome

During translation, a molecule of ______ with the appropriate anticodon binds to the codon of mRNA.

tRNA

During translation, a ribosome catalyzes reactions that form peptide bonds between ______.

amino acids

During translation, a ribosome releases the molecule of tRNA after transferring ______ to the growing peptide

an amino acid

During translation, a ribosome moves along a molecule of mRNA one ______ at a time.

codon

Translation ends when a ribosome encounters a stop codon on a molecule of ______.

mRNA

At the end of translation, a ribosome releases a polymer of ______ and dissociates from the molecule of mRNA.

amino acids

a protein that affects the probability that RNA polymerase will transcribe a gene

transcription factor

a protein that increases the probability of transcription

activator

a protein that decreases the probability of transcription

repressor

d. a region of DNA where a transcription factor can bind

regulatory element

b. a region of DNA containing a cluster of genes controlled by a single promoter

an operon