social interactionism & CDS

what is interactionism?

language is learned through social interacitons, caregiver iniput is essential. Crers scaffold conversation and interactions with children that it is only through the interaction with adults and cildren learn the social pragmatics of language use.

Vygotski (MKO/ZPD):

-Vygotski suggested that for children to learn they need an MKO who supports the child in moving beyond their ZPD, encouraging them to move beyond what they already know to what is not yet known by the means of scaffolding and support.

Bruner

Bruner states that language learning is an innate ability that, crucially, it needs activating through the Language acquisiton support system (LASS). This is exemplified by how parents often use books and images to develop their child’s naming abilities and ability to get involved in communication.

LASS=

-getting attention

-query

-label

-feedback.

what is child directed speech (CDS) :

first proposed by Catherine Snow.

speech adapted by adults to support language learning, known as scaffolding.

aims are to:

-attract and hold the baby’s attention.

-encourage a child to interact and respond.

—help the process of breaing down language into understandable chunks.

-make the conversation more preductable by keeping the conversation in the ‘here and now’, referring to things the baby can see.

challenge: Schatz

only 4% of childrens errors are corrected by caregivers.

what are features of CDS?

-melodic/higher pitch

-slower

-repetition

-questions and commands to get the child to do something

-tag questions

-recasts

-expanded utterances

-mitigation

-pronoun, ‘we’

what is LASS(bruner)?

language acquisition support system, scaffolding via routines, shared activities. gain attention, query, label, feedback.

interactionsim evidence?

-CDS,

-cds and gender = berko gleason 1975 mothers more sensitive, fathers more commanding.

challenge to interactionsism?

-nativism doesnt inlcude interactions

-CDS is not universal, such as kaliuli tribe in papua new guinea- didnt ecperience langugae delay.

-Shiefflin & Ochs 1984 – some cultures don’t use CDS but still acquire language.

although, what does Halliday argue in 1975?

in 1975, halliday argued that lanuggae serves as a cultural code, as we learm language, we also develop nderstaning of the world around us.

what does this show as interacitnism?

highlights that interactionism is, nonetheless, fundamental to learnin social queues, such as pragmatics and politeness strategieis, such as deixis. but not fundamental to simply acquiring loanguage.

Scaffolding:

the active support provided by caregivers/MKO’s. children will initially be heavily reliant upon support but as they become more competent, the support can be reduced.

MKO

more knowledgeable other.

someone who can offer support in language acquisiton (not necessarily an adult).

ZPD:

zone of proximal developement. the area between what a child can already do, and what is beyond their reach, where the MKO enables the child to progress by offering the necessary support through scaffolding.