Vascular Surgery Practice Exam Flashcards: 2011/2012 Academic Year

A series of 45 vocabulary flashcards based on a Vascular Surgery practice exam from MIUR (2011/2012), covering anatomy, pathology, clinical signs, and surgical procedures.

TEA (Thromboendarterectomy) in Contralateral Carotid Occlusion

During TEA, the presence of contralateral carotid occlusion results in an increased rate of shunt insertion, but not an increased rate of neurological complications.

Thrombolytic Therapy Monitoring

Fibrinogen ($Fibrinogeno$) is the primary blood parameter that must be monitored during local-regional thrombolytic therapy for acute lower limb ischemia.

Marfan Syndrome Valvulopathy

The most common valvulopathy associated with Marfan Syndrome is Mitral Valve Prolapse ($Prolasso della mitrale$).

Visceral Aneurysm Localization

The most frequent site for a visceral aneurysm is the Splenic Artery ($Arteria splenica$).

Spinal Cord Ischemia Tolerance

The maximum time of ischemia tolerated by the spinal cord is $20\,minutes$.

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) Elective Surgery Mortality

The perioperative mortality rate for traditional elective surgical treatment of AAA is approximately $2\%$. (Question 6)

Amaurosis Fugax

A transient blindness that serves as a characteristic symptom of carotid Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA).

Carotid Stenosis Surgery Indication

In an asymptomatic patient with carotid stenosis >$70\%$, surgery is indicated only if the operative risk is less than $3\%$. (Question 9)

Chronic Celiac-Mesenteric Insufficiency Symptoms

Clinical findings include weight loss ($Dimagrimento$), abdominal pain, meal avoidance ($rarefazione dei pasti$), and cachexia, but not malabsorption. (Question 11)

Infra-geniculate Femoro-popliteal Bypass Material

The material of choice for this procedure is the autologous saphenous vein ($Vena safena autologa$).

Critical Limb Ischemia (CLI) Criteria

Definition includes rest pain, ulcers, gangrene, and ankle systolic pressure <$50\,mmHg$, but excludes stage IIb claudication. (Question 13)

Duplex Ultrasound (Ecocolordoppler)

The diagnostic examination of first choice when carotid stenosis is suspected.

Post-phlebitic Syndrome

The most frequent indication for lower limb phlebography is post-phlebitic syndrome ($sindrome post-flebitica$).

Cardiac Arrest Protocol

In the event of cardiac arrest, external cardiac massage ($massaggio cardiaco esterno$) must be the first urgent measure implemented.

Aortic Development

In embryology, the aorta originates from the IV (fourth) aortic arch.

Thoracic Duct Position

The thoracic duct runs to the left of the large azygos vein ($grande vena azygos$) and originates at the level of the $I-II$ lumbar vertebrae. (Questions 23, 137)

Posterior Knee Dislocation

A posterior dislocation of the knee can result in injury to the Popliteal Artery ($arteria poplitea$).

Internal Carotid Stenosis Clinical Presentation

The most frequent clinical presentation is hemiparesis ($emiparesi$).

Potassium and Acid-Base Status

Potassiemia (serum potassium) increases in acidosis and decreases in alkalosis.

Rheography (Reografia)

A diagnostic method based on the variations of electrical impedance ($impedenza elettrica$).

Cystic Medial Necrosis (Medianecrosi dell'aorta)

A condition associated with dissecting aneurysms ($aneurisma dissecante$).

Dicoumarins (Dicumarolici)

Anticoagulants that act by inhibiting the hepatic synthesis of Factors VII and IX.

Normal Foot Venous Pressure

In a standing position, the normal venous pressure at the foot is $100-120\,cm\,H_2O$.

Trendelenburg Test I (Rima-Trendelmburg I)

A test used to highlight valvular insufficiency of the superficial venous system.

Subclavian Artery Anatomy

The subclavian artery ($Arteria succlavia$) is in anatomical relationship with the scalene muscle ($muscolo scaleno$).

Hemometakinesia (Emometacinesia)

The functional shift of blood mass from one vascular territory to another due to functional mechanisms.

Homans Sign (Segno di Homans)

Calf pain experienced by the patient during passive dorsiflexion of the foot; indicative of deep vein thrombosis.

Horton's Arteritis

Also known as giant cell arteritis or temporal arteritis ($arterite temporale$); characteristically localized in the superficial temporal artery.

Normal Serum Potassium (Potassiemia)

The normal range of potassium in a healthy subject is $3.5-4.5\,mEq/L$.

Nicoladoni-Branham Sign

A sign where the compression of an arteriovenous fistula causes a decrease in pulse frequency.

Adamkiewicz Artery

The arteria radicularis magna ($arteria radicolare magna$).

Pilephlebitis

Thrombophlebitis of the portal vein ($vena porta$).

Hypercapnia (Ipercapnia)

An increase in $CO_2$ in the arterial blood.

Buerger's Disease (Morbo di Buerger)

An inflammatory vascular condition most frequent in male smokers, often involving ischemia and necrosis of the nail phalanges. (Questions 136, 188)

Artery of the Sinus Node

The sinus node receives the majority of its blood supply from the Right Coronary Artery ($arteria coronaria destra$).

Aortic Bifurcation Level

The aorta bifurcates into the common iliac arteries at the level of the $L4$ vertebra.

Acrocyanosis (Acrocianosi)

Characterized by uniform, permanent, and painless cyanosis of the distal parts of the limbs.

Seldinger Technique

A medical procedure for percutaneous transfemoral arterial catheterization.

Allen Test

A clinical test used to evaluate the blood supply to the hand by assessing the radial and ulnar arteries.

Palma Procedure (Intervento di Palma)

The transposition of the contralateral great saphenous vein, indicated for thrombotic obstruction of the iliac vein.

Fogarty Catheter

A tool used specifically to treat acute limb ischemia by removing emboli or thrombi.

Stripping of the Great Saphenous Vein

The elective surgical intervention for varicose veins of the lower limbs.

Subclavian Steal Syndrome (Sindrome da furto della succlavia)

Characterized by vertigo and an ultrasound finding of retrograde (inverted) flow in the ipsilateral vertebral artery.

Dry Gangrene (Gangrena secca)

A clinical manifestation typical of atherosclerotic arteriopathy ($arteriopatia arteriosclerotica$).

Normal pCO2

The normal partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood is $40\,mmHg$.