CDI445 FInal10

What does AAC stand for?

Alternative and Augmentative Communication.

What is AAC?

AAC is an intervention approach that temporarily or permanently supports communication for individuals with expressive and/or receptive language impairments.

What does AAC help compensate for or facilitate?

Communication difficulties caused by impairments or disabilities that affect expressive and/or receptive language.

What does CCN stand for?

Complex Communication Needs.

Who has complex communication needs?

People who have communication impairments that affect daily communication and prevent successful communication exchanges.

What are the two main categories of AAC users?

Individuals with congenital disabilities and individuals with acquired disabilities.

What are congenital disabilities?

Disabilities that are present from birth or develop early in life.

What are examples of congenital disabilities that may require AAC?

Autism spectrum disorder, cerebral palsy, developmental disabilities, developmental apraxia of speech, and genetic disorders.

What are acquired disabilities?

Disabilities that occur after birth because of injury, illness, surgery, or another medical condition.

What are examples of acquired disabilities that may require AAC?

Cerebrovascular accidents, traumatic or acquired brain injuries, neurodegenerative diseases, disabilities following surgery, and temporary conditions such as intubation.

What is an example of a surgery-related reason someone may need AAC?

Laryngectomy.

What is an example of a temporary condition that may require AAC?

Intubation.

What is an AAC system?

An AAC system is an integrated group of components used to enhance communication.

What three language areas are relevant to AAC systems?

Form, content, and use.

What does 'form' include in an AAC system?

Rules for combining symbols to create understandable messages for communication partners.

What does 'content' include in an AAC system?

The selection and organization of vocabulary and communication messages.

What does 'use' include in an AAC system?

Maximizing language use so the individual can communicate effectively and efficiently with many people in many situations.

What does multimodal communication mean?

Using multiple ways or modalities to communicate.

What are examples of multimodal communication?

Gestures, speech, facial expressions, writing, drawing, and AAC systems.

Can children who use AAC continue using speech and gestures?

Yes. AAC users can continue to use multimodal communication to express their message.

Why is multimodal communication important?

It allows the person to use all available communication methods to express meaning.

What are the two main forms of AAC?

Unaided AAC and aided AAC.

What is unaided AAC?

AAC that does not require an external tool but does require some motor control.

What are examples of unaided AAC?

Gestures, manual signs, facial expressions, verbalizations, vocalizations, and body language.

What is aided AAC?

AAC that requires external support from an electronic or nonelectronic system.

What are the two types of aided AAC?

Low/light tech and high tech.

What is low/light-tech AAC?

Aided AAC that uses nonelectronic or simple materials.

What are examples of low/light-tech AAC?

Pictures, objects, photographs, writing, communication boards, and communication books.

What is high-tech AAC?

AAC that uses electronic technology to support communication.

What are examples of high-tech AAC?

Speech-generating devices, single-message devices, recordable/digitalized devices, and AAC software on computers, iPads, or smartphones.

What is a speech-generating device?

A high-tech AAC device that produces spoken messages when the user selects symbols, words, or messages.

What is an AAC strategy?

A method used to communicate effectively and efficiently.

What is prediction in AAC?

A dynamic retrieval process where options change based on the part of a word or message already created.

What is an example of prediction?

Text prediction.

What is encoding in AAC?

A strategy that helps an individual quickly express a longer message.

What are examples of encoding?

Color coding and symbol coding.

What is an AAC technique?

The way a message is conveyed.

What is direct selection?

A technique where the person directly selects a symbol.

What are examples of direct selection?

Pointing or eye gaze selection.

What is scanning?

A technique used when a person has physical limitations, where symbols are displayed in a predetermined pattern for selection.

What is a selection set?

The number of messages, symbols, and codes available at one time.

What is a fixed display?

A display where symbols and messages do not change after the person selects a location.

What is a dynamic display?

A display that changes after a location is selected.

Why is selecting the right activating device important?

It determines how the person will access and use the AAC system.

What are examples of AAC activating devices?

Stylus, switches, and eye gaze.

What is a common misconception about AAC?

That AAC inhibits or replaces speech.

Does AAC stop speech or language development?

No. AAC does not hinder speech or language development.

How can AAC affect verbal output?

AAC often helps children increase their verbal output abilities.

What does AAC actually provide?

A way to augment existing communication skills and provide alternative communication strategies when needed.

What are visual scene displays, or VSDs?

AAC displays that use familiar photos or scenes with touchable 'hot spots' that speak related messages.

How do VSDs organize vocabulary and messages?

Schematically rather than semantically.

What do visual scene displays often show?

Familiar scenes, objects, or people.

What are 'hot spots' in a visual scene display?

Areas on a photo that the user touches to speak messages related to the scene or object.

Who can VSDs be especially helpful for?

Emerging communicators who struggle with traditional grid-based communication systems.

Why may young children relate to VSDs more quickly?

Because VSDs use familiar photos and scenes instead of abstract grids.

What does PECS stand for?

Picture Exchange Communication System.

What is the primary goal of PECS?

To teach functional communication.

PECS is especially popular with which population?

Children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder.

How many phases does PECS have?

Six phases.

How does PECS begin?

By teaching the individual to give a single picture of a desired item or action to a communication partner.

What should the communication partner do in early PECS?

Immediately honor the picture exchange as a request.

What does PECS teach after single-picture requesting?

Picture discrimination and combining pictures into sentences.

What do advanced PECS phases teach?

Using modifiers, answering questions, and commenting.

Does PECS have strong research support according to the PowerPoint?

No. The PowerPoint states that PECS does not have strong research support.

What type of AAC does not require an external tool?

Unaided AAC.

What type of AAC requires an external support?

Aided AAC.

What type of AAC includes communication boards and books?

Low/light-tech aided AAC.

What type of AAC includes speech-generating devices?

High-tech aided AAC.

What AAC technique involves pointing or eye gaze?

Direct selection.

What AAC technique is often used with physical limitations?

Scanning.

What display changes after a location is selected?

Dynamic display.

What display stays the same after a location is selected?

Fixed display.

What AAC approach uses photos with touchable hot spots?

Visual scene displays.

What AAC system uses picture exchanges to teach functional communication?

PECS.

True or False: AAC prevents children from learning speech.

False. AAC does not prevent speech development and may help increase verbal output.