Unit 2 HBS

What is Devic's Disease, and which parts of the body does it affect?

A rare autoimmune condition where the immune system attacks the optic nerves and spinal cord.

What are some of the primary symptoms of epilepsy?

Seizures, temporary confusion, jerking movements, and psychological symptoms like anxiety.

What chronic disorder is characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain and extreme fatigue?

Fibromyalgia.

What is a key characteristic of Alzheimer's Disease?

Progressive memory loss and cognitive decline.

What autoimmune disease affects the myelin sheath around nerves?

Multiple Sclerosis (MS).

What are common symptoms of Parkinson's Disease?

Tremors, slow movement, muscle rigidity, and impaired posture.

What hereditary condition affects peripheral nerves, leading to muscle weakness?

Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease (CMT).

What are the involuntary movements associated with Huntington's Disease known as?

Chorea.

What is Lou Gehrig's Disease more commonly called?

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS).

What major function do protein hormones serve in the body?

They cannot pass through cell membranes and bind to surface receptors to initiate secondary messenger responses.

How do steroid hormones interact with cells?

They are lipid-soluble, can cross the cell membrane, and bind to intracellular receptors to affect gene expression.

What is the overall purpose of negative feedback mechanisms in the endocrine system?

To maintain homeostasis by reversing a change.

What is an example of positive feedback in the body?

Oxytocin release during childbirth amplifying contractions until birth occurs.

What hormone lowers blood glucose levels and stimulates glycogen formation?

Insulin.

What is the primary role of glucagon in the body?

To raise blood glucose by converting glycogen into glucose in the liver.

What type of diabetes is characterized by little to no insulin production due to autoimmune destruction of beta cells?

Diabetes Type 1.

What distinguishes Diabetes Type 2 from Type 1?

Insulin resistance or insufficient insulin production, often linked to lifestyle factors.