Chem seperation techniques

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Last updated 3:29 AM on 6/12/26
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6 Terms

1
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Filteration

  • Heterogeneous

  • filter an insoluble substance from a liquid or solution

<ul><li><p><strong>Heterogeneous</strong></p></li><li><p>filter an <strong>insoluble substance</strong> from a liquid or solution</p></li></ul><p></p>
2
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Evaporation

  • Homogeneous of when solid has been dissolved in a liquid solvent

  • put a solution above heat source, the solvent evaporates

<ul><li><p><strong>Homogeneous </strong>of when <strong>solid</strong> has been dissolved in a <strong>liquid</strong> solvent</p></li><li><p>put a <strong>solution</strong> above <strong>heat</strong> source, the <strong>solvent</strong> evaporates</p></li></ul><p></p>
3
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Solvation

  • Heterogeneous of 2 solids, one insoluble, one soluble

  • soluble substance dissolves when the solvent (H20) is poured into the solution

  • futher seperate all 3 substances by filteration and evaporation

<ul><li><p><strong>Heterogeneous</strong> of 2 solids, one <strong>insoluble</strong>, one <strong>soluble</strong></p></li><li><p>soluble substance <strong>dissolves</strong> when the <strong>solvent</strong> (H20) is poured into the solution</p></li><li><p>futher seperate all 3 substances by <strong>filteration</strong> and <strong>evaporation</strong> </p></li></ul><p></p>
4
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Distillation

  • Homogeneous liquid mixture with different volatility/ BP

  • substance with lower bp: evaporates, enters the water jacket and cools, condenses

<ul><li><p><strong>Homogeneous </strong>liquid mixture with different volatility/ BP</p></li><li><p>substance with lower bp: evaporates, enters the water jacket and cools, condenses</p><p></p></li></ul><p></p>
5
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Paper chromatography

  • to idenitfy how many substances are in an unkwon mixture

  • compare to known samples using the distance travelled up to the paper

  • Separate a mixture of solutes in a solvent (colors of dyes in an ink)

  • Chromatography paper placed in the solution

  • More soluble → more affinity for mobile phase → moves up

  • Less soluble → more affinity for statioary phase → moves down

<ul><li><p>to idenitfy how many substances are in an unkwon mixture</p></li><li><p>compare to known samples using the distance travelled up to the paper</p></li><li><p>Separate a mixture of <strong>solutes</strong> in a <strong>solvent </strong>(colors of dyes in an ink)</p></li><li><p>Chromatography paper placed in the solution</p></li><li><p><strong>More</strong> soluble → more affinity for <strong>mobile</strong> phase → moves <strong>up</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>Less</strong> soluble → more affinity for <strong>statioary</strong> phase → moves <strong>down</strong></p></li></ul><p></p>
6
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Recrystillisation

  • Remove impurities in a solvent

  • Use different solubilities in different temperatures

    1. Heat the mixture

    2. solvent will evaporate, thus the solut econcentration increases

    3. cool what is left in the dish

    4. crystillise the solute as a product